Table 1.
List of the bat species registered in urban areas of Brazil. This list includes the species occurrence among the Brazilian states, type of capture site where the records were obtained, classification into feeding guilds (following Kalko et al. 1996), parasitic infection, man-made and natural roosts and plant species used as food resources. Species added in this review are marked with an asterisk (*). Species synonyms are provided after the symbol “=“ next to the current scientific name, given that species names do not always correspond to the original paper in which the species record has been reported. Parasites of the genus Trypanosoma and Pneumocystis were not listed in the table below, given that the studies in which they were reported for urban bats didn’t provide the species identification
| Taxon | Occurrenceb | Capture sitea | Guildc | Parasites | Roosts | Plant species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emballonuridae Gervais, 1855 | ||||||
| Emballonurinae | ||||||
| Diclidurus albus Wied-Neuwied, 1820* | AM | MS | 1 | Ceiling | ||
| Diclidurus scutatus Peters, 1869 | SP | MS | 1 | |||
| Peropteryx macrotis (Wagner, 1843) | AM; GO; ES; PE | FF; MS | 1 | Attic; Rock crevice; Technical floor; Ventilation ducts; Wall | ||
| Rhynchonycteris naso (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) * | MG; PB; SE | FF | 2 | Ceiling | ||
| Saccopteryx leptura (Schreber, 1774) | AM; PB; RJ | FF | 2 | |||
| Molossidae Gervais, 1856 | ||||||
| Molossinae | ||||||
| Cynomops abrasus (Temminck, 1826) = Cinomops abrasus = Molossops abrasus = Molossops brachymelles | AM; GO; PR; RJ; SP | FF; MS; UT | 1 | Attic; Buriti leaves; Tree hollow; Roof | ||
| Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1866) = Molossops planirostris | GO; MG; PE; SE; SP | FF; MS | 1 | Rabies virus | Bricks; Buildings; Ceiling | |
| Eumops auripendulus (Shaw, 1800) | GO; MG; RJ; SP | FF; MS | 1 | Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis | Ceiling; Eaves | |
| Eumops bonariensis (Peters, 1874) | MG; PI; PR; RS; SP | FF; MS; UT | 1 | Palm tree | ||
| Eumops glaucinus (Wagner, 1843) | GO; MG; SP | MS | 1 | Histoplasma capsulatum; Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; Rabies virus | Ceiling; Dilatation joints | |
| Eumops hansae Sanborn, 1932 | MG; PR; SC | MS | 1 | |||
| Eumops maurus (Thomas, 1901) | SP | MS | 1 | |||
| Eumops perotis (Schinz, 1821) | AM; GO; MG; SP | 1 | Rabies virus | |||
| Eumops trumbulli (Thomas, 1901) | AM | UT | 1 | Buriti leaves | ||
| Molossops neglectus Williams & Genoways, 1980* | PR; SP | FF; MS | 1 | Rabies virus | ||
| Molossops temminckii (Burmeister, 1854) | GO; MG; MS; MT; PI; | FF; UT | 1 | Palm tree | ||
| Molossus aztecus Saussure, 1860 * | MG | 1 | ||||
| Molossus coibensis J.A. Allen, 1904 * | PA | MS; | 1 | Roof cover with cement-fiber tiles | ||
| Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766) | AM; GO; ES; MG; MS; MT; PB; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SE; SP | FF; MS; UT | 1 |
Alphacoronavirus; Histoplasma capsulatum; Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum; Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis; Rabies virus |
Air conditioner; Attic; Basement; Blind box; Casement window; Ceiling; Chimney; Dilatation joints; Elevator shaft; Gap between tiles; Garage; Tree hollow; Residence; Roof; Ventilation ducts; Wall | |
| Molossus rufus É. Geoffroy, 1805 = Molossus ater | AM; MG; MT; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SP | FF; MS; UT | 1 | Histoplasma capsulatum; Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; Rabies virus | Ceiling; Chimney; Dilatation joints; Double wall; Elevator shaft; Garage; Palm tree hollow; Technical floor | |
| Nyctinomops aurispinosus (Peale, 1848) | GO; PR; SP | MS; | 1 | Ceiling; Dilatation joints; Unfrequented buildings | ||
| Nyctinomops laticaudatus (É. Geoffroy, 1805) | GO; ES; MG; MS; PR; RJ; SP | FF; MS | 1 | Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; Rabies virus | Abandoned quarry; Apartment in the ninth floor; Ceiling; Dilatation joints; Rock crevice | |
| Nyctinomops macrotis (Gray, 1840) | GO; ES; MG; MS; PR; RJ; SP | FF; MS | 1 | Histoplasma capsulatum; Rabies virus | Building balcony; Crevice in a stone wall; Dilatation joints | |
| Promops nasutus (Spix, 1823) | GO; MG; PR; RS; SP | MS | 1 | Asbestos and ceramic attics; Ceiling; Chimney; Unfrequented rooms; Uninhabited buildings; | ||
| Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geoffroy, 1824) | MG; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF; MS | 1 | Alphacoronavirus; Histoplasma capsulatum; Rabies virus | Air conditioner; Asbestos and ceramic attics; Basement; Casement window; Ceiling; Chimney; Dilatation joints; Eaves; Elevator shaft; Garage; Residence (lying in a curtain); Room; Unfrequented rooms; Technical floor; Uninhabited buildings; Ventilation ducts | |
| Mormoopidae Saussure, 1860 | ||||||
| Pteronotus parnellii (Gray, 1843)* | MT | FF | 2 | |||
| Noctilionidae Gray, 1821 | ||||||
| Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 | MG; MT; SE; SP | FF | 1 | |||
| Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) | CE; MG; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SE; SP | FF; MS; UT | 4 | Tree hollow on the riverbank; Palm tree hollow | ||
| Phyllostomidae Gray, 1825 | ||||||
| Carolliinae | ||||||
| Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) | AC; AM; CE; GO; ES; MG; MS; MT; PB; PE; PR; RJ; SC; SE; SP | FF; MS | 6 | Coccidioides | Ceiling; Concrete drain pipes; Fluvial Canalization; Pluvial water gallery; Uninhabited buildings | Piper sp.; Solanum sp. |
| Desmodontinae | ||||||
| Desmodus rotundus (É. Geoffroy, 1810) | AM; GO; MG; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF; MS | 5 | Rabies virus | ||
| Diaemus youngi (Jentink, 1893)* | RJ | UT | 5 | |||
| Diphylla ecaudata Spix, 1823 | MG; RJ | FF | 5 | |||
| Glossophaginae | ||||||
| Anoura caudifer (É. Geoffroy, 1818) = Anoura caudifera | GO; MG; MS; MT; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF | 8 | Dyssochroma viridiflora Miers | ||
| Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838 | MG; PR; RJ; SC; SP | FF | 8 | |||
| Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766) | AM; CE; GO; ES; MG; MS; MT; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SE; SP | FF; MS; UT | 8 | Coccidioides; Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum; Leptospira | Artificial cave; Attic; Basement; Ceiling; Cistern; Elevator shaft; Foliage; Garage; Hangar; Inside houses; Maintenance room; Pluvial water gallery; Pump House; Ceramic roof; Technical floor; Uninhabited buildings; Ventilation ducts | |
| “Glyphonycterinae” | ||||||
| Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896* | RJ | FF | 3 | |||
| Lonchophyllinae | ||||||
| Hsunycteris thomasi (J.A. Allen, 1904) = Lonchophylla thomasi | AC; AM | FF | 8 | |||
| Lonchophylla bokermanni Sazima, Vizotto & Taddei, 1978* | RJ | FF | 8 | |||
| Lonchophylla dekeyseri Taddei, Vizotto & Sazima, 1983 | GO | 8 | ||||
| Lonchophylla mordax Thomas, 1903 | RJ | FF | 8 | |||
| Lonchorhininae | ||||||
| Lonchorhina aurita Tomes, 1863* | PE; | MS | 3 | Concrete drain pipes | ||
| Micronycterinae | ||||||
| Micronycteris megalotis (Gray, 1842) | AM; MG; PR; RJ; SP | FF | 3 | |||
| Micronycteris minuta (Gervais, 1856)* | AC; RJ | FF | 3 | |||
| Phyllostominae | ||||||
| Chrotopterus auritus (Peters, 1856) | MG; PR; RJ | FF | 9 | |||
| Lophostoma silvicola d’Orbigny, 1836 = Lophostoma silvicolum* | AC; RJ | FF | 3 | |||
| Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Schinz, 1821) | MG; SE | FF; MS | 3 | |||
| Mimon bennettii (Gray, 1838) | SC; PR; RJ | FF | 3 | |||
| Mimon crenulatum (É. Geoffroy, 1803) | AC; MG | FF | 3 | |||
| Phyllostomus discolor Wagner, 1843 | AM; GO; ES; MG; MS; PE; PR; RJ; SE | FF; MS | 7 | Chimney | ||
| Phyllostomus elongatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810)* | AC; MT | FF | 7 | |||
| Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) | AC; AM; GO; MG; MS; MT; PE; PR; RJ; SE; SP | FF; MS | 7 | Basement; Dilatation joints; Gap between tiles; Tree hollow; Palm tree hollow; Roof | Ficus tomentella Miq. | |
| Tonatia bidens (Spix, 1823)* | RJ | FF | 3 | Cecropia glaziovii Snethl.; Cecropia pachystachya Trécul; Ficus sp. | ||
| Tonatia saurophila Koopman & Williams, 1951* | AC | FF | 3 | |||
| “Rhinophyllinae” | ||||||
| Rhinophylla pumilio Peters, 1865* | AC | FF | 6 | |||
| Stenodermatinae | ||||||
| Artibeus cinereus (Gervais, 1856) = Dermanura cinerea | AC; PB; PE; RJ; SE | FF | 6 | |||
| Artibeus concolor Peters, 1865 | AM | 6 | ||||
| Artibeus fimbriatus Gray, 1838 | MS; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SE; SP | FF; MS; UT | 6 | Candida; Rabies virus | Abandoned house; Artificial cave; Awning; Chimney; Foliage; Garage; Hangar; Tree hollow; Pilotis | Ficus tomentella Miq. |
| Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) | AC; AM; CE; GO; ES; MG; MS; MT; PB; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SE; SP | FF; MS; UT | 6 | Candida; Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; Rabies virus | Air conditioner; Artificial cave; Basement; Branches of Eugenia jambolana Lam.; Foliage; Garage; Tree hollow; Leaves of a coconut palm tree (Cocus nucifera L.); Palm tree leaves; Pilotis; Treetops; Under a garage roof | Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.; Carica papaya L.; Cecropia glaziovii Snethl.; Cecropia hololeuca Miq.; Cecropia pachystachya Trécul; Diospyros kaki L. f.; Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.; Eugenia uniflora L.; Ficus adhatodifolia Schott ex Spreng.; Ficus citrifolia Mill.; Ficus eximia Schott; Ficus tomentella Miq.; Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex Steud.; Mangifera indica L.; Manikara zapota (L.) P. Royen; Musa paradisiaca L.; Piper aduncum L.; Piper divaricatum G. Mey.; Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel; Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; Psidium guajava L.; Senna macranthera (Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby; Solanum paniculatum L.; Spondias dulcis Parkinson; Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman; Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.; Syzygium jambos L. (Alston); Terminalia catappa L.; |
| Artibeus obscurus (Schinz, 1821) | AM; PB; PR; RJ; SE | FF | 6 | Ficus tomentella Miq. | ||
| Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) = Artibeus jamaiscensis | AC; AM; CE; GO; MG; MS; MT; PB; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF; UT | 6 | Rabies virus | Artificial cave | Ficus tomentella Miq. |
| Chiroderma doriae Thomas, 1891 | BA; MG; MS; RJ; SP | FF | 6 | Cecropia glaziovii Snethl.; Ficus clusiifolia Kunth ex Walp.; Muntingia calabura L. | ||
| Chiroderma villosum Peters, 1860 | AM; MG; MS; MT; PR; RJ | FF; UT | 6 | Ficus tomentella Miq. | ||
| Platyrrhinus incarum (Thomas, 1912) = Platyrrhinus helleri | AC; AM; MS; MT | FF | 6 | |||
| Platyrrhinus lineatus (Geoffroy, 1810) | CE; GO; ES; MG; MS; MT; PB; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SE; SP | FF; MS; UT | 6 | Leptospira | Abandoned house; Awning; Ceiling; Chimney; Eaves; Foliage; Garage; Interspaces in homes and buildings; Palm tree leaves; Pilotis; Technical floor; Uninhabited buildings; Window sill | Cecropia glaziovii Snethl.; Cecropia pachystachya Trécul; Ficus citrifolia Mill.; Ficus tomentella Miq. |
| Platyrrhinus recifinus (Thomas, 1901)* | RJ | FF | 6 | |||
| Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843) | MG; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF; UT | 6 | |||
| Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) | AM; GO; MG; MS; MT; PB; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SE; SP | FF; MS; UT | 6 | Candida; Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis | Air conditioner; Chimney; Foliage; Residence; Tree hollow; Uninhabited buildings | Cecropia sp.; Ficus tomentella Miq.; Piper sp.; Solanum sp.; |
| Uroderma bilobatum Peters, 1866 | AM; MT; SE | FF | 6 | |||
| Uroderma magnirostrum Davis, 1968* | ES; MT | FF | 6 | |||
| Vampyressa pusilla (Wagner, 1843) | MG; PR; RJ | FF | 6 | |||
| Vespertilionidae Gray, 1821 | ||||||
| Myotinae | ||||||
| Myotis albescens (É. Geoffroy, 1806) | ES; RS; SP | FF; MS; UT | 2 | Basement | ||
| Myotis levis (I. Geoffroy, 1824) | PR; RS; SC; SP | MS | 2 | Ceiling; Uninhabited buildings | ||
| Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) | CE; GO; ES; MG; MS; MT; PB; PI; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SE; SP | FF; MS; UT | 2 | Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; Rabies virus | Artificial cave; Bricks; Buildings; Ceiling; Chimney; Palm tree; Uninhabited buildings | |
| Myotis riparius Handley, 1960 | AM; MG; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF; UT | 2 | Rabies virus | ||
| Myotis ruber (É. Geoffroy, 1806) | PR; RJ; SC | FF | 2 | |||
| Vespertilioninae | ||||||
| Eptesicus brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819) | AC; AM; GO; MG; RJ; PB; PR; RS; SC; SP | FF; MS | 2 | Rabies virus | Air conditioner; Ceiling; Uninhabited buildings | |
| Eptesicus diminutus Osgood, 1915 | MG; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF; UT | 2 | |||
| Eptesicus furinalis (d’Orbigny & Gervais, 1847) | MG; PB; PE; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF; MS; UT | 2 | Rabies virus | Attic; Ceiling; Dilatation joints; Roof; Wall | |
| Histiotus velatus (I. Geoffroy, 1824) | GO; MG; PR; RJ; RS; SP | FF; MS; UT | 2 | Rabies virus | Basement; Building under construction; Ceiling; Ceramic roof; Dilatation joints; Garage | |
| Lasiurus blossevillii = Lasiurus borealis ([Lesson, 1826]) | GO; MG; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF; MS | 2 | Rabies virus | Backyard; Foliage | |
| Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796) | MG; PR; RJ; RS; SP | FF; MS | 2 | Rabies virus | Garage; Foliage; Residence (inside a dog’s house); Unfrequented rooms; Uninhabited buildings | |
| Lasiurus ega (Gervais, 1856) | GO; MG; PR; RJ; RS; SC; SP | FF; MS | 2 | Rabies virus | Among dead leaves of palm trees; Artificial cave; Foliage; Inside of a brick barbecue | |
| Lasiurus egregius (Peters, 1870) | MG | 2 | Rabies virus | |||
| Rhogeessa io Thomas, 1903* | PB | FF | 2 | |||
aCapture site: FF - urban forest fragments; MS - man-made structures; UT - urban trees
bOccurrence: AC - Acre; AM - Amazonas; BA - Bahia; CE - Ceará; ES - Espírito Santo; GO - Goiás; MG - Minas Gerais; MS - Mato Grosso do Sul; MT - Mato Grosso; PA - Pará; PB - Paraíba; PE - Pernambuco; PI - Piauí; PR - Paraná; RJ - Rio de Janeiro; RS - Rio Grande do Sul; SC - Santa Catarina; SE - Sergipe; SP - São Paulo
cGuilds: 1 – open space/aerial insectivores; 2 – background cluttered space/aerial insectivores; 3 – highly cluttered space/gleaning insectivorous; 4 – highly cluttered space/gleaning piscivore; 5 – highly cluttered space/gleaning haematophagous; 6 – highly cluttered space/gleaning frugivores; 7 – highly cluttered space/gleaning omnivores; 8 – highly cluttered space/gleaning nectarivores; 9 – highly cluttered space/gleaning carnivores