Table 1.
Agents involved in ROS metabolism
| Regulator type | Agents | Effects |
|---|---|---|
| ROS inhibitors | ERK | Reduce oxidative damage on cardiac cells |
| NRROS | Reduce tissue damage | |
| HIF-2α | ROS homeostasis | |
| PGC-1α | Active antioxidative enzymes | |
| Nrf2 | Limit ROS production in tumour | |
| PKM2 | Reduce oxidative damage on lung cancer cells | |
| Ucp2 | Limit inflammation ROS production in macrophage | |
| Vitamin C/E, FHC | Suppress ROS accumulation | |
| ROS promoters | TLR1, 2, 4 | Increase ROS generation in macrophage |
| NOX2 | Increase mitochondrial ROS production | |
| p66SHC | Increase mitochondrial ROS as apoptosis signal | |
| TNF | Enhance macrophage killing and necroptosis | |
| MMP-3 | DNA damage and genomic instability | |
| EST-1 | Increase ROS generation | |
| UPBEAT1 | Change cells from proliferation into differentiation |