TABLE 1.
Critical Illness Related Variables and Outcomes at Month 3
| Patient Characteristic | PSD-HRQL |
Mortality or PDS-HRQL |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 27) | No (N = 176) | P-value | Yes (N = 70) | No (N = 176) | P-value | |
| ADMISSION DATA | ||||||
| PRISM1 | 11.0 [6.0, 19.0] | 11.0 [6.0, 16.0] | 0.6484 | 12.0 [7.0, 21.0] | 11.0 [6.0, 16.0] | 0.0294 |
| PELOD, Day 0 | 9.0 [7.0, 14.0] | 7.0 [5.0, 10.0] | 0.0094 | 9.0 [7.0, 14.0] | 7.0 [5.0, 10.0] | <.0014 |
| Immunocompromised | 3 (11.1%) | 29 (16.5%) | 0.5835 | 13 (18.6%) | 29 (16.5%) | 0.7095 |
| PELOD, First Day2 | 9.0 [6.0, 14.0] | 8.0 [6.0, 10.0] | 0.1044 | 11.0 [7.0, 14.0] | 8.0 [6.0, 10.0] | <.0014 |
| HOSPITAL SUMMARY | ||||||
| FSS CFB at Day 7 (>0 implies worsening)3 | 7.5 [4.0, 14.0] | 3.0 [0.0, 8.0] | <.0014 | 10.5 [4.0, 16.0] | 3.0 [0.0, 8.0] | <.0014 |
| PCPC CFB at Day 7 (>0 implies worsening)3 | 1.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0524 | 2.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | <.0014 |
| POPC CFB at Day 7 (>0 implies worsening)3 | 1.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0034 | 2.0 [1.0, 3.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | <.0014 |
| Sum of PELOD in PICU | 72.0 [52.0, 178.0] | 45.5 [27.0, 74.5] | <.0014 | 91.5 [57.0, 178.0] | 45.5 [27.0, 74.5] | <.0014 |
| PRBC first transfer (relative to Day 0) | 1.0 [0.0, 5.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 2.5] | 0.9004 | 1.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 2.5] | 0.2604 |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 28.0 [19.8, 57.9] | 15.0 [9.2, 23.8] | <.0014 | 21.3 [9.5, 47.9] | 15.0 [9.2, 23.8] | 0.0154 |
| PICU length of stay (days) | 14.5 [8.7, 25.4] | 8.1 [4.9, 13.8] | <.0014 | 12.7 [7.9, 24.2] | 8.1 [4.9, 13.8] | <.0014 |
| Highest VIS in PICU | 13.0 [8.0, 25.0] | 10.0 [5.0, 20.0] | 0.1164 | 18.8 [8.0, 30.0] | 10.0 [5.0, 20.0] | <.0014 |
| Highest VIS in PICU | 0.1946 | 0.0026 | ||||
| < 5 | 2 (7.4%) | 29 (16.5%) | 4 (5.7%) | 29 (16.5%) | ||
| 5–30 | 21 (77.8%) | 129 (73.3%) | 50 (71.4%) | 129 (73.3%) | ||
| > 30 | 4 (14.8%) | 18 (10.2%) | 16 (22.9%) | 18 (10.2%) | ||
| Sum of VIS in PICU | 43.0 [27.0, 130.0] | 25.0 [8.0, 57.0] | 0.0054 | 85.5 [25.0, 226.5] | 25.0 [8.0, 57.0] | <.0014 |
| Mechanical ventilator days | 10.0 [7.0, 24.0] | 7.0 [4.0, 11.5] | 0.0054 | 10.5 [6.0, 21.0] | 7.0 [4.0, 11.5] | <.0014 |
| Renal replacement therapy in PICU | 4 (14.8%) | 10 (5.7%) | 0.0975 | 18 (25.7%) | 10 (5.7%) | <.0015 |
| ECLS in PICU | 2 (7.4%) | 5 (2.8%) | 0.2355 | 14 (20.0%) | 5 (2.8%) | <.0015 |
| Anisocoria or absence of pupillary response | 5 (18.5%) | 16 (9.1%) | 0.1685 | 29 (41.4%) | 16 (9.1%) | <.0015 |
| Pathologic breathing pattern | 3 (11.1%) | 16 (9.1%) | 0.7245 | 17 (24.3%) | 16 (9.1%) | 0.0035 |
| Stereotypic posturing or flaccid posture | 3 (11.1%) | 17 (9.7%) | 0.7355 | 15 (21.4%) | 17 (9.7%) | 0.0205 |
| Seizure activity and or abnormal EEG | 4 (14.8%) | 37 (21.0%) | 0.6095 | 23 (32.9%) | 37 (21.0%) | 0.0705 |
| New anoxic-ischemic injury on CT/MRI imaging | 3 (11.1%) | 7 (4.0%) | 0.1335 | 14 (20.0%) | 7 (4.0%) | <.0015 |
| Treatment for increased intracranial pressure | 2 (7.4%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0.0865 | 7 (10.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0.0035 |
| Neurologic injury suspected by care provider | 6 (22.2%) | 15 (8.5%) | 0.0415 | 27 (38.6%) | 15 (8.5%) | <.0015 |
| Autonomic storming | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.0475 | 5 (7.1%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.0085 |
| Cardiopulmonary arrest or chest compressions | 2 (7.4%) | 9 (5.1%) | 0.6435 | 21 (30.0%) | 9 (5.1%) | <.0015 |
| Neurologic insult(s) | 13 (48.1%) | 66 (37.5%) | 0.2985 | 48 (68.6%) | 66 (37.5%) | <.0015 |
Abbreviations: HRQL, health-related quality of life; PSD-HRQL, persistent, serious deterioration of HRQL > 25% below baseline at Month 3; PRISM-IV, Pediatric Risk of Mortality, version IV; PELOD-2, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score, version 2; FSS, Functional Status Scale; PCPC, Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category; POPC, Pediatric Overall Performance Category; CFB, change from baseline; PRBC, packed red blood cells; VIS, vasoactive-inotropic support; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; ECLS, extracorporeal life support; EEG, electroencephalogram; CT/MRI, computerized tomography/magnetic resonance imaging
Collected during a modified 6-hour period of 2 hours prior to PICU admission through 4 hours post PICU admission.
First day is defined as day of admission if admission time is before 12:00 pm or following day if admission is after 12:00 pm.
CFB at Day 7 for PCPC, POPC, and FSS reflect days post ICU admission or hospital discharge whichever occured first.
Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Fisher’s exact test.