Table I.
AAG Levels in Plasma or Serum Across Species in Healthy and Disease State
| Species/Strain or breed | Mean or range (mg/ml) | Acute phase response/Disease type | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy | Disease | Fold change disease/ Healthy | |||
| Mouse/C57BL/6 | 0.09–0.11 | 0.65–1.0 | 7–9 | Pulmonary Fibrosis | (5) |
| Mouse/CD1 | 0.096 | Cancer, tumor load: | (6) | ||
| 0.38 | 4 | 0.2–0.3 g (8d post implant) | |||
| 1.58 (1.35–1.81) | 14–19 | 0.8–1 g (15-20d post implant) | |||
| Mouse/C57BL/6 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 20 | IL-1 mediated induction | (7) |
| Mouse | 0.1 | 3.5 | >20 | Acute phase response | (8) |
| Mouse/CD1 & NMRI | 0.99–1.1 | (9) | |||
| Rat/Dark Agouti | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 1.38 ± 0.13 | 7 | Phenobarbital inducedb | (10) |
| Rat/Sprague-Dawley | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 2 | Phenobarbital inducedb | (10) |
| Rat/Sprague-Dawley | 0.13 | 0.25 | 2 | Stress | (11) |
| Rat/Lewis | 0.1 | 0.4–1.4 | 4–14 | Arthritis | (12) |
| Rat/Wistar | 0.1 | 0.5 | 5 | Cirrhosis | (13) |
| 1.0 | 10 | Inflammation, LPSc | |||
| Rat/Sprague-Dawley | 0.23–0.32 | (9) | |||
| Rabbit/New Zealand White | 0.31–0.41 | (9) | |||
| Pig/Conventional Crossbred | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.6 | Infection | (14) |
| 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.7 | Inflammation | ||
| 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.1–1.0 | ≤3 | Arthritis | (15) | |
| 0.9–1.2 | ≤4 | Hernia | |||
| 0.2–2.0 | ≤6 | Infection | |||
| 0.3–0.6 | 0.4–0.55 | none | Inflammation, turpentine | (16) | |
| 0.3–0.6 | 0.3–0.56 | none | Inflammation, turpentine | (17) | |
| 1.08 | 0.98 | 0.9 | Inflammation, LPSc | (18) | |
| Minipig/Ossabaw | 0.5 | (14) | |||
| Minipig/Gottingen | 0.3 | ||||
| Minipig/Gottingen | ~0.2 | ~0.2 | none | Inflammation, LPSc | (19) |
| 0.3–0.4 | ~0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 2 | Obesity, High Fat Diet | ||
| 0.3–0.4 | ~1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 2 | Mild Diabetes, High Fat Diet | ||
| Cat/Domestic | 0.27a | 0.83a | 3 | Cancer | (20) |
| 0.1–0.48 | ≥ 1.5 | 3–15 | Infection | (21) | |
| 0.23 | 0.51 | 2 | Cancer | (22) | |
| 1.12 | 5 | Infection, Coronavirus | |||
| 3.82 | 17 | Infection, Peritonitis | |||
| 0.24 ± 0.01 | 4.71 ± 1.47 | 6–19 | Inflammation/Diseased | (23) | |
| <0.56 | 2.89 (2.04–14) | >3–25 | Infection | (24) | |
| 0.27–0.38 | (9) | ||||
| Dog/Beagle | 0.32 (0.04–0.96) | 1.21–1.36 | 1–34 | Infection | (25) |
| 0.37 | 1.63 | 4 | Inflammation | (26) | |
| 0.25 (0.17–0.33) | 0.83 (0.5–1.3) | 2–7 | Infection | (27) | |
| 0.47 | 2.85 | 6 | Inflammation | (28) | |
| 0.50 | 1.94 | 4 | Infection | (29) | |
| 0.37–0.60 | (9) | ||||
| Monkey/Cynomolgus | 0.11 | 1.85–2.67 | 16–24 | Inflammation | (30) |
| 5–10 | Infection | d | |||
| Human | 0.67 (0.45–1.12) | 2.20 ± 0.62 (1.03–3.15) | 2–3 | Cancer | (31) |
| 1.43 ± 0.65 (0.71–2.27) | Infection | ||||
| 0.50 ± 0.14 (0.28–0.92) | (32) | ||||
| 0.46 ± 0.17 | 1.06 ± 0.56 | 2 | Pulmonary Fibrosis | (5) | |
| ~0.75 | ~0.9 | Renal Failure | (33) | ||
| ~0.6 | Cirrhosis | ||||
| ~1.1 | Chronic Uremia | ||||
| ~1.5 | After Hemodialysis | ||||
| 0.52 ± 0.24 (1–2 months) | 0.08–3.3 (0–1 month) | 0.2–7 | Infection – Bacterial | (34) | |
| 0.18–2.96 (0–1 month) | Infection-Viral/Parasitological | ||||
| 0.36–1.8 | Cancer | (35) | |||
| 0.77 ± 0.15 (0.36–1.46) | (36) | ||||
| 0.5–1.0 | ≤ 3.0 | 3–6 | Inflammation, infection, cancer | (3) | |
aMedian value
bIndependent of inflammation pathway
cLPS Lipopolysaccharide (bacterial infection, acute inflammatory stimulus)
dLife Diagnostics, Inc., indicated on package insert