Table 2.
Memory measures: scores on the four tests of memory by group and phase
| Interpretation students | Translation students | Non-language students | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 | |||
| Letter span score | 53.4 (14.8) | 55.5 (16.8) | 54.0 (17.9) |
| Matrix span score | 43.2 (14.6) | 37.0 (13.9) | 46.3 (12.3) |
| Operation span score | 42.6 (17.8) | 44.9 (20.0) | 36.2 (14.3) |
| Operation span errors | 5.9 (3.2) | 4.3 (3.0) | 6.3 (3.7) |
| Symmetry span score | 17.5 (8.9) | 15.2 (10.3) | 19.7 (9.7) |
| Symmetry span errors | 3.1 (2.7) | 2.6 (2.2) | 3.1 (3.4) |
| Phase 2 | |||
| Letter span score | 67.0 (17.7) | 57.3 (19.0) | 59.8 (17.9) |
| Matrix span score | 45.0 (14.4) | 36.8 (11.3) | 49.7 (11.2) |
| Operation span score | 51.1 (18.4) | 48.3 (19.6) | 47.6 (15.4) |
| Operation span errors | 4.5 (3.6) | 6.3 (4.6) | 5.1 (3.1) |
| Symmetry span score | 20.1 (10.3) | 15.1 (8.4) | 22.6 (10.0) |
| Symmetry span errors | 3.2 (3.8) | 3.3 (1.8) | 2.5 (2.9) |
Values are means with standard deviations in parentheses. The data reported above are for the students who participated longitudinally. The number of items and therefore maximum score on each test were as follows: Letter Span—99; Matrix Span—81; Operation Span—75; Symmetry Span—42