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. 2017 Mar 3;21(3):50. doi: 10.1007/s10404-017-1888-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 11 — (Colour online) A schematic representation of the underlying mechanism for the circular manipulation of a single particle by continuous mode switching between two $(m, n)$ orthogonal modes. To complete a full circle of movement (i.e. $θ = π / 2 m$ ), 4 $m$ times of mode switching are required