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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2020 Feb 3;327:113220. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113220

Figure 5: Increasing tcVNS stimulation rate lowers intensity required to activate the vagus nerve.

Figure 5:

a) Schematic diagrams of the waveform for each stimulation type. b) Stimulation rate does not affect the muscle activation threshold. c) Higher stimulation rates lower the threshold intensity to activate the vagus nerve. d) As a result, higher stimulation rates lower the ratio between the vagus activation threshold and the muscle activation threshold. * denotes a difference between groups with p<0.05. ** denotes a difference between groups with p<0.01.