Table 3.
Expression of antifungal peptides in E. coli.
| Type of AFP | Name | Source | Host | Expression vector | Fusion partner | Antifungal spectrum | Yield | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Defensin | PvD1 | Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) | Escherichia coli Rosetta Gami DE3 | pET-32 EK/LIC | Thioredoxin | Candida albicans | Unknown | de O Mello et al., 2014 |
| Hybrid peptide (lactoferricin+cecropin) | LF15-CA8 |
Hyalophora cecropia (giant silk moth) Bovine lactoferricin (encrypted peptide) |
E. coli BL21 (DE3) | pGEX-4T-2 | GST | Lactoferricin: C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. albicans, C. glabrata, Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp. | 10 mg/mL | Feng et al., 2014; Fernandes and Carter, 2017 |
| Lactoferricin | Lactoferricin B | Mammals | E. coli BL21 (DE3) | pET21d | MMIS | Lactoferricin:C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. albicans, C. glabrata, Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp. | Unkown | Kim et al., 2006; Fernandes and Carter, 2017 |
| Cecropin | CeA | Hyalophora cecropia (giant silk moth) | E. coli BL21 (DE3) | pET-30a | ELK16 self-assembly peptide (GyrA intein) | C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. albicans, C. glabrata, Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp. | 6.2 mg/mg wet cell | Wang et al., 2018 |
| Peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics | Nikkomycin | Streptomyces ansochromogenes | E. coli BL21 (DE3) | pET23b | His tag | C. albicans | 800 mg/L | Li et al., 2005 |
| Echinocandins | PH HtyE | A. pachycristatus | E. coli BL21 Gold | pET-28b(+) | His tag | Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. | 75 mg/L | Mattay et al., 2018 |
| Magainins | Magainin-2 | Xenopus laevis (African frog) | E. coli BL21 (DE3) | pET-21a | Carbohydrate-binding module, His tag |
C. albicans, C. neoformans S. cerevisiae |
Unkown | Zasloff, 2002; Ramos et al., 2013 |
| Dermaseptin | Dermaseptin S4 | Phyllomedusinae frogs (amphibian skin) | E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) | pGEX-4T-1 | Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | C. neoformans and A. fumigatus | Unknown | Belaid and Hani, 2011; Song et al., 2014 |
| Chitin-binding cysteine rich | Tachycitin | horseshoe crab hemocyte (Argopecten irradians) | Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)/pLysS | pET-22b() | None | Paecilomyces variotii, Aspergillus spp., F. oxysporum, Neurospora crassa, B. cinerea, and Alternaria brassicola | 1 mg/L | Kawabata et al., 1996; Suetake et al., 2002 |
| Defensin | HBD5/ HBD6, HBD26, HBD27 |
Mammal | E. coli BL21 (DE3) | pET-32a (+) | Thioredoxin AHis6 | C. albicans | Unknown | Huang et al., 2008, 2009 |