Table 3.
Function of up/down-regulated miRNAs in PDAC.
| miRNAs | Alteration | Function | Confirmed targets | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-21 | Up | Promote the cell growth, invasion and migration; prognostic factor, Chemo-resistant | PI3K/AKT/PTEN, PDCD4, BCL-2, FASL, TGF-β1, P85α, VHL | (97–101) |
| miR-155 | Up | Promote tumor progression, invasive and migration, mediate apoptosis; therapeutic and prognostic factor | TP53INP1, SOCS1, SOCS3 | (102–104) |
| miR-221/222 | Up | Promote tumor progression, proliferation and invasion, inhibit apoptosis; Chemo-resistant | MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, PTEN, P27kip1, P57kip2, PUMA | (105–107) |
| miR-320a | Up | Promote progression, Chemo-resistant | PDCD4 | (108) |
| miR-10a | Up | Promote proliferation, invasion and metastatic; Chemo-resistant, therapeutic and prognosis factor | HOXA1, HOXA3, TFAP2C | (109–111) |
| miR-31 | Up | Promote tumor development and progression, promote invasion and migration; Chemo-resistant, prognostic factor | RASA1, ARID1A, Pancreatic stellate cells | (112–114) |
| miR-210 | Up | Promote migration; diagnosis and prognostic factor | Pancreatic stellate cells | (115, 116) |
| miR-196b | Up | Promote tumor progression and invasion; diagnosis and prognostic factor | CADM1 | (117–119) |
| miR-23a | Up | Promote tumor progression, promote cell proliferation, invasion, inhibit apoptosis; prognostic factor | ESRP1, APAF1, FOXP2 | (120–122) |
| miR-451 | Up | Promote cell proliferation and metastasis | CAB39 | (123) |
| miR-34a | Down | Inhibit cell growth, migration, invasion, progression, induce apoptosis; diagnosis, therapeutic and prognostic factor | CCND1, E2F1, E2F3, BCL-2, C-MYC, SNAIL1, CDK6, SIRT1, NOTCH1/2/4, SMAD3 | (124–128) |
| miR-100 | Down | Inhibit tumor cell proliferation; increase drug sensitivity | FGFR3 | (129) |
| miR-217 | Down | Inhibit cell growth, invasion, induce apoptosis; diagnosis and prognostic factor | KRAS, E2F3, TPD512, SIRT1 | (130–132) |
| miR-143 | Down | Inhibit tumorigenesis, inhibit tumor cell migration, invasion, metastasis and xenograft | KRAS, RREB1, GEF1, GEF2, COX2, TAK1 | (133–136) |
| miR-141 | Down | Inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis, induce apoptosis; prognostic factor | YAP1, WIPF1, TM4SF1, MAP4K4, NRP-1 | (137–141) |
| miR-200 | Down | Inhibit metastasis; Chemo-resistant, prognostic factor | PTEN, MT1-MMP, ZEB1, ZEB2, SOX2 | (142–145) |
| miR-375 | Down | Inhibit cell growth; prognostic factor | PDK1, ZFP36L2, IGFBP5, CAV1 | (146–148) |
| miR-148a | Down | Inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, promote apoptosis; diagnosis, prognostic factor | CCKBR, BCL-2, PHLAD2, CDC25B, WNT10b, ERBB3, AMPKα1, DNMT1 | (149–153) |
| miR-let7 | Down | Inhibit cell growth, proliferation; Chemo-resistant, therapeutic and prognostic factor | HMGA1, HMGA2, IGF2BP1, IGF2BP3, KRAS, SOCS3, RRM2, N-cadherin/ZEB1 | (154–157) |
| miR-216 | Down | Inhibit cell growth, promote apoptosis; therapeutic factor | JAK2, BECLIN-1 | (158, 159) |
| miR-146a | Down | Inhibit cell invasion and metastasis | EGFR, MTA-2, IRAK1 | (160) |
TM4SF1, transmembrane-4-L-6-family-1; MAP4K4, mitogen-activated protein kinase isoform 4; TIMP-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2;VHL, Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor; SOCS, suppressors of cytokine signaling; FGFR3, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; RREB1, Ras-responsive element-binding protein; GEFs, guanine nucleotide exchange factors; COX, cyclooxygenase; TAK1, TGF-β-activating kinase 1; TFAP2C, transcription factor activating protein 2 gamma; ARID1A, AT-rich interactive domain 1A; ESRP1, epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1; APAF1, apoptotic protease activating factor 1; FOX, forkhead box; CAB39, calcium-binding protein 39; NRP-1, neuropilin-1; MT1-MMP, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase; IRAK1, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1; CCKBR, cholecystokinin-B receptor; JAK2, Janus kinase 2;;IGF2BPs, insulin growth factor 2 binding proteins.