FIGURE 3.

Successful antimalarial treatment reverts kynurenine levels. (A) Serum kynurenine (KYN) and tryptophan (TRP) levels were quantified by HPLC in a healthy endemic control group (n = 34), and in P. vivax-infected patients on day 0 of enrollment (before starting anti-malarial treatment, BRx, n = 81), and >28 days after successful malaria treatment (ARx, n = 38). (B) Paired sample analysis before and after vivax malaria treatment (n = 38). Correlation analysis between KYN/TRP ratio and (C) parasitemia levels, quantified by thick blood film, or (D) vivax lactate dehydrogenase (PvLDH), measured by ELISA. P.vivax MSP-1₁₉ antigen specific IgM (E) and IgG (F) antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to confirm sero-conversion (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ANOVA test with Tukey’s post hoc test, student’s paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation).