Table 4.

Adjusted association between protein groups and depression in United States and South Korea.

Protein Intake Status	All adults¶	Men§	Women§
United States†
Low protein intake	1.648 (1.179-2.304)f	0.950 (0.717-1.260)	2.025 (1.313-3.124)***
Normal	1 [reference]	1 [reference]	1 [reference]
High protein intake	0.801 (0.223-2.879)	0.212 (0.030-1.523)	1.300 (0.353-4.785)
South Korea‡
Low protein intake	3.169 (1.598-6.286)**	4.924 (1.411-17.182)*	2.347 (0.951-5.920)
Normal	1 [reference]	1 [reference]	1 [reference]
High protein intake	0.896 (0.581-1.383)	0.695 (0.254-1.897)	0.962 (0.597-1.552)

^†Depending on the ratio of calories from protein to total energy intake (<10%:low protein intake, 10~34%:normal, >35%: high protein intake).

^‡Depending on the ratio of calories from protein to total energy intake (<7%:low protein intake, 7~20%:normal, >20%: high protein intake).

^§Adjusted for age, gender, marital status, income, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and chest pain.

^¶Adjusted for age, marital status, income, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and chest pain.

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.