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. 2020 Mar 17;12:74. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00074

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Copyright © 2020 Higgen, Heine, Krawinkel, Göschl, Engel, Hummel, Xue and Gerloff.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Stimulus design and experimental procedure. (A) Braille stimulator. For tactile stimulation, the participants’ right hand was resting on a custom-made board containing the Braille stimulator (QuaeroSys Medical Devices, Schotten, Germany), with the fingertip of the right index finger placed above the stimulating unit. (B) Sequence of tasks in the experiment. (C) Stimuli consisted of four different patterns. (D) After a pre-stimulus interval of 1,500 ms, tactile and/or visual patterns were presented for 500 ms depending on the current step of the experiment. After a wait interval of 1,200 ms, a question mark appeared on the screen and participants gave the response via button press. Depending on the current step of the experiment, visual feedback was given (1,000 ms).