Table 1.

Descriptive information for blind participants is provided for the following factors: etiology of blindness, age of blindness onset, residual vision (if any), level of education (high school = HS, undergraduate degree = UG, and graduate degree = G), primary mobility aid, and days per week of independent navigation.

Etiology of blindness	Onset age	Residual vision	Education	Mobility aid	Ind. Nav. Days
Diabetic retinopathy	29	N	UG	Cane	2
Microphthalmia	Birth	N	UG	Dog	7
Retinitis pigmentosa and glaucoma	Birth	Avoid obstacles	UG	Cane	7
Posterior polymorphs dystrophy, cataracts and glaucoma	Birth	N	UG	Dog	2
Lebers congenital amaurosis	Birth	Light/dark, blurry objects, avoid obstacles	UG	Dog	7
Genetic neurofibromatosis (optic pathway tumor)	5	Blurry objects, fingers at arm’s length	HS	Cane	3
Lebers congenital amaurosis	Birth	Light/dark, blurry objects, avoid obstacles	G	Dog	7
Juvenile glaucoma	Birth	Light/dark, blurry objects, avoid obstacles, fingers at arm’s length	UG	Cane	7