Table 2.

Monocyte Subsets and Feature

Subsets	Cell Percent	Surface Markers	Gene Profile	Chemokine Receptors	Productions	Functions
Classical	∼ 90	CD14⁺CD16⁻	Angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation	CCR2hi, CX3CR1lo, CD62L+, CD64−, CD163+	ROS, IL-10hi, TNFαlow	Phagocytic actions
Intermediate	∼ 10	CD14⁺CD16⁺	T cell activation, antigen presenting action	CCR2mi, CX3CR1hi, CD62L+, CD64−, CD163+	IL-1βhi, TNFαhi	Inflammatory actions
Non-classical	2–8	CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺	Monitoring, inflammation,	CCR2lo, CX3CR1hi, CD62L−, CD64+, CD163−	IL-1βhi, TNFαhi	Vessel patrolling

Abbreviations: CD, cluster of differentiation; CCR, C-C chemokine receptor; hi, high expression level; mi, medium expression level; lo, low expression level; CX3CR, C-X3-C chemokine receptor; CXCR, C-X-C chemokine receptor; IL, Interleukin; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; ROS, reactive oxygen species.