Table 3.
Constituents from A. keiskei and their reported biological activities
| Compound class/name | Parta | Biological activity | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | |||
| Chalcones | |||
| Xanthoangelol F (2) | RT | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1999) |
| RT | Anti-hypertensive activity: phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in rat aortic rings | Matsuura et al. (2001) | |
| EXD |
Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 |
Akihisa et al. (2003) | |
| EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity (details in the patent) | Akihisa et al. (2007) | |
| ST | Cytotoxicities: human neuroblastoma (IMR-32, NB-39) | Nishimura et al. (2007) | |
| Syn | Anti-bacterial activity: Gram-positive bacteria | Sugamoto et al. (2011) | |
| AP | Anti-viral activity: influenza virus neuraminidase | Park et al. (2011) | |
| WP | Anti-viral activity: SARS-CoV (3CLpro, PLpro) | Park et al. (2015) | |
| WP | Anti-oxidative activity: XO | Kim et al. (2014) | |
| ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) | |
| Isobavachalcone (4) | RT | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1999) |
| EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA, in vivo | Akihisa et al. (2003) | |
|
Two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 |
Akihisa et al. (2006) | ||
| ST | Anti-tumor activity: apoptosis (procaspase-3, -9, Bax) in human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32, NB-39) | Nishimura et al. (2007) | |
| EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity (details in the patent) | Akihisa et al. (2007) | |
| Com | Anti-inflammatory activity: iNOS | Shin et al. (2013) | |
| Syn | Anti-bacterial activity: Gram-positive bacteria | Sugamoto et al. (2011) | |
| AP | Anti-oxidative activity: NQO1 induction, DPPH radical scavenging | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| WP | Anti-oxidative activity: XO | Kim et al. (2014) | |
| AP | Anti-diabetic activity: α-glucosidase | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| WP | Anti-viral activity: SARS-CoV (3CLpro, PLpro) | Park et al. (2015) | |
| Xanthoangelol B (5) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| RT | Anti-hypertensive activity: phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in rat aortic rings | Matsuura et al. (2001) | |
| RT | Anti-allergic activity: compound 48/80-induced histamine release | Nakata and Baba (2001) | |
| ST | Anti-oxidative activity: superoxide-scavenging | Aoki et al. (2008) | |
| WP | Anti-oxidative activity: XO | Kim et al. (2014) | |
| LF | Anti-inflammatory activity: IL-6 in TNF-α-stimulated osteosarcoma cells | Shin et al. (2011) | |
| AP | Anti-inflammatory activity: NO, iNOS, COX-2 (IκB degradation, NF-κB nuclear translocation) | Chang et al. (2014) | |
| AP | Anti-viral activity: influenza virus neuraminidase | Park et al. (2011) | |
| ST | Anti-thrombotic activity: TNFα-induced PAI-1 | Ohkura et al. (2011) | |
| WP | Anti-viral activity: SARS-CoV (3CLpro, PLpro) | Park et al. (2015) | |
| Xanthoangelol G (6) | RT | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1999) |
| AP | Anti-viral activity: influenza virus neuraminidase | Park et al. (2011) | |
| WP | Anti-viral activity: SARS-CoV (3CLpro, PLpro) | Park et al. (2015) | |
| 4,2′-Dihydroxy-3′-[(2E)-6-hydroperoxy-3-methyl-7-methylene-2-octenyl]-4′-methoxy chalcone (7) | RT | Preventive effect against metabolic syndrome: adiponectin production | Ohnogi et al. (2012b) |
| Xanthoangelol C (8) | RT | Baba et al. (1990b) | |
| RT | Anti-allergic activity: compound 48/80-induced histamine | Nakata and Baba (2001) | |
| Xanthoangelol D (9) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| RT | Anti-inflammatory activity: TNF-α induced ET-1 (NF-κB) | Sugii et al. (2005) | |
| AP | Anti-viral activity: influenza virus neuraminidase | Park et al. (2011) | |
| ST | Anti-thrombotic activity: TNFα-induced PAI-1 | Ohkura et al. (2011) | |
| WP | Anti-viral activity: SARS-CoV (3CLpro, PLpro) | Park et al. (2015) | |
| ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) | |
| Xanthoangelol E (10) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| RT | Anti-ulcer activity (details in the patent) | Murakami et al. (1992) | |
| RT | Anti-thrombotic activity: arachidonic acid metabolism in platelets | Fujita et al. (1992) | |
| RT | Anti-hypertensive activity: phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in rat aortic rings | Matsuura et al. (2001) | |
| RT | Anti-allergic activity: compound 48/80-induced histamine | Nakata and Baba (2001) | |
| LF | First isolation from the part | Shin et al. (2011) | |
| AP | Anti-inflammatory activity: NO, iNOS, COX-2 (IκB degradation, NF-κB nuclear translocation) | Chang et al. (2014) | |
| WP | Anti-viral activity: SARS-CoV (3CLpro, PLpro) | Park et al. (2015) | |
| ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) | |
| Ashitaba-chalcone (11) | RT | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: TPA-stimulated 32Pi-incorporation | Okuyama et al. (1991) |
| Xanthoangelol H (12) | RT | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1999) |
| EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2003) | |
| ST | Cytotoxicities: human neuroblastoma (IMR-32, NB-39) | Nishimura et al. (2007) | |
| ST | Whitening activity: melanin formation in melanoma cells | Arung et al. (2012) | |
| Deoxyxanthoangelol H (13) | EXD | First isolation from the part | Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity (details in the patent) | Akihisa et al. (2007) | |
| ST | Whitening activity: melanin formation in melanoma cells | Arung et al. (2012) | |
| Xanthoangelol I (14) | EXD |
Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 |
Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| ST | Cytotoxicities: human neuroblastoma (IMR-32, NB-39) | Nishimura et al. (2007) | |
| 2″-Hydroxy-xanthoangelol I (15) | RT | Protective effect on nerve cells (details in the patent) | Onogi et al. (2004) |
| RT | Preventive effect against metabolic syndrome: adiponectin | Ohnogi et al. (2012b) | |
| Xanthoangelol J (16) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 | |||
| Xanthoangelol K (17) | ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) |
| Xanthoangelol L (18) | ST | First isolation from the part | Li et al. (2015) |
| Jejuchalcone D (19) | ST | First isolation from the part | Li et al. (2015) |
| Xanthoangelol M (20) | ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) |
| 4-Hydroxy-2′,3′-(2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy isopropylfurano)-4′-methoxychalcone (21) | RT | Preventive effect against metabolic syndrome: adiponectin production | Ohnogi et al. (2012b) |
| Jejuchalcone E (22) | ST | First isolation from the part | Li et al. (2015) |
| Dorsmannin A (23) | EXD | First isolation from the part | Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| Xanthokeismin A (24) | ST | Anti-oxidative activity: superoxide-scavenging | Aoki et al. (2008) |
| AP | Anti-inflammatory activity: NO, iNOS, COX-2 (IκB degradation, NF-κB nuclear translocation) | Chang et al. (2014) | |
| Xanthokeismin B (25) | ST | Anti-oxidative activity: superoxide-scavenging | Aoki et al. (2008) |
| Xanthokeismin C (26) | ST | Anti-oxidative activity: superoxide-scavenging | Aoki et al. (2008) |
| 4,2′,4′-Trihydroxy-3′-[(6E)-2-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methylene-6-octenyl]chalcone (27) |
LF AP |
Anti-inflammatory activity: IL-6 in TNF-α-stimulated osteosarcoma cells Protective activity on damaged normal cells: HSPs |
Shin et al. (2011) Kil et al. (2015a) |
| Xanthokeistal A (28) |
AP WP |
Anti-viral activity: influenza virus neuraminidase Anti-viral activity: SARS-CoV (3CLpro, PLpro) |
Park et al. (2011) Park et al. (2015) |
| 4,2′4′-Trihydroxy-3′-[(2E)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl] chalcone (29) |
RT AP |
First isolation from the part First isolation from the part |
Ohnogi et al. (2012b) Luo et al. (2012) |
|
4,2′-Dihydroxy-3′,4′-{2,3-dihydro-2-[(4E)-1-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl]furano} chalcone (30) |
RT | Preventive effect against metabolic syndrome: adiponectin production | Ohnogi et al. (2012b) |
| Angelichalcone (31) |
RT RT |
Protective effect on nerve cells (details in the patent) Osteogenesis promotive activity (details in the patent) |
Onogi et al. (2004) Ohnogi et al. (2004) |
| 4,2′,4′-Trihydroxy-3′-[(2E,5E)-7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,5-octadienyl] chalcone (32) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2015a) |
| (±)-4,2′,4′-Trihydroxy-3′-[(2E)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl]chalcone (33) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2015a) |
| 4,2′,4′-Trihydroxy-3′-[(2E)-3-methyl-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-pentenyl]chalcone (34) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2015a) |
| 2′,3′-Furano-4-hydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone (35) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2015a) |
| (±)-4-Hydroxy-2′,3′-(2,3-dihydro-2-methoxyfurano)-4′-methoxychalcone (36) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2015a) |
| 3′-Carboxymethyl- 4,2′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy chalcone (37) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2016) |
| (±)-4,2′,4′-Trihydroxy-3′-[(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methylenecyclohexyl)methyl]chalcone (38) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2016) |
| 2″-Hydroxy angelichalcone (39) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2016) |
| Artocarmitin A (40) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2016) |
| Dihydrochalcones | |||
| Deoxydihydroxanthoan | EXD | First isolation from the part | Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| Gelol H (41) | ST | whitening activity: melanin formation in melanoma cells | Arung et al. (2012) |
| Erioschalcone A (42) | AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) |
| Flavones | |||
| Cynaroside (43) (=luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) | AP | Anti-hyperlipidemic acitivity | Park et al. (1995) |
| AP | Anti-cholesterogenic activity: HMG-CoA reductase | Park et al. (1997b) | |
| AP | Anti-mutagenic activity (AFB1) | Park et al. (1997a) | |
| AP | Anti-oxidative activity: epoxide hydrolase in liver | Park et al. (2002) | |
| AP | Anti-oxidative activity: DPPH radical scavenging | Kim et al. (2005) | |
| AP | Anti-depressant activity: DBH | Kim et al. (2013) | |
| ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) | |
| Luteolin-7-O-β-d-rutinoside (44) | AP | First isolation from the part | Park et al. (1995) |
| AP | Anti-mutagenic activity (AFB1) | Park et al. (1997a) | |
| AP | Anti-oxidative activity: DPPH radical scavenging | Kim et al. (2005) | |
| Luteolin (45) | LF | First isolation from the part | Sugamoto et al. (2008) |
| Flavonol glycosides | |||
| Kaempferol-3-O-α-d-arabinopyranoside (46) | AP | Anti-oxidative activity: DPPH radical scavenging | Kim et al. (2005) |
| Isoquercitrin (=quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) (47) | AP | Anti-oxidative activity: DPPH radical scavenging | Kim et al. (2005) |
| Hyperoside (=quercetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside) (48) | AP | First isolation from the part | Park et al. (1996) |
| AP | Anti-cholesterogenic activity: HMG-CoA reductase | Park et al. (1997b) | |
| AP | Anti-mutagenic activity (AFB1) | Park et al. (1997a) | |
| AP | Anti-oxidative activity: DPPH radical scavenging | Kim et al. (2005) | |
| Quercitrin (49) (=quercetin-3-O-β-d-rhamnopyranoside) | LF | First isolation from the part | Sugamoto et al. (2008) |
| Quercetin-3-O-α-d-arabinopyranoside (50) | AP | Anti-oxidative activity: DPPH radical scavenging | Kim et al. (2005) |
| Flavanones | |||
| Munduleaflavanone A (51) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2003) |
| AP | Anti-diabetic activity: α-glucosidase | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| Munduleaflavanone B (52) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 | |||
| EXD | anti-inflammatory activity: TPA-induced mouse ear edema | Akihisa et al. (2007) | |
| Isobavachin (53) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| Prostratol F (54) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2003) |
| Sophoraflavanone A (55) (=8-geranylnaringenin) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 | |||
| EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity: TPA-induced mouse ear edema | Akihisa et al. (2007) | |
| 4′-O-Geranylnaringenin (56) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2003) |
| Coumarins | |||
| Umbelliferone (57) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| Scopoletin (58) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| Demethylsuberosin (59) | AP | Anti-diabetic activity: α-glucosidase | Luo et al. (2012) |
| Osthenol (60) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 | |||
| EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity (details in the patent) | Akihisa et al. (2007) | |
| 7-O-β-d-Glucopyranosyloxy-8-prenyl coumarin (61) | RT | NGF production enhancive effect on in mouse fibroblasts (details in the patent) | Ohnogi et al. (2002) |
| Psoralen (62) | RT | First isolation from the part | Hata and Kozawa (1961) |
| AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| Ergapten (63) | RT | First isolation from the part | Hata and Kozawa (1961) |
| FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) | |
| AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) | |
| Xanthotoxin (64) | RT | First isolation from the part | Hata and Kozawa (1961) |
| FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) | |
| EXD | First isolation from the part | Akihisa et al. (2006) | |
| AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| Isopimpinellin (65) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| FR | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1997) | |
| EXD | First isolation from the part | Akihisa et al. (2006) | |
| Imperatorin (66) | FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) |
| RT | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1997) | |
| AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| Isogosferol (67) | FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) |
| Isoimperatorin (68) | FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) |
| RT | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1997) | |
| Saxaline (69) | FR | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1997) |
| Marmesin (70) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| (−)-Oxypeucedanin (71) | FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) |
| RT | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1997) | |
| (+)-Oxypeucedanin hydrate (72) | FR, | First isolation from the part | Nakata et al. (1997) |
| RT | First isolation from the part | ||
| (−)-Oxypeucedanin hydrate (73) | FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) |
| (−)-Tert-O-methoxy peucedanin hydrate (74) | FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) |
| (−)-Sec-O-acetoxy peucedanin hydrate(75) | FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) |
| Pseudoisopsoralen (76) | AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) |
| Angelicin (77) | RT | First isolation from the part | Hata and Kozawa (1961) |
| Columbianadin (78) | RT | First isolation from the part | Kozawa et al. (1978) |
| FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. 1990a) | |
| (3′R)-Hydroxy columbianadin (79) (=(8S,9R)-8-angeloyl oxy-8,9-dihydrooroselol) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2003) |
| RT | First isolation from the part | Sugamoto et al. (2009) | |
| (8S,9R)-9-Angeloyloxy-8,9-dihydrooroselol (80) | RT | First isolation from the part | Kozawa et al. (1978) |
| RT | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: TPA-stimulated 32Pi-incorporation | Okuyama et al. (1991) | |
| Archangelicin (81) | RT | First isolation from the part | Kozawa et al. (1978) |
| FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) | |
| RT | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: TPA-stimulated 32Pi-incorporation | Okuyama et al. (1991) | |
| Lomatin (82) | FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) |
| Selinidin (83) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) | |
| EXD | Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 | Akihisa et al. (2003) | |
| EXD | Anti-allergic activity: lgE-mediated mast cell activation (β-hexosaninidase, LTC4, TNF-α, FcεRI β-chain PLCγ1, p38 MAPK, IκB-α) | Kishiro et al. (2008) | |
| AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) | |
| Selidinin (84) | EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity (details in the patent) | Akihisa et al. (2007) |
| O-Isobutyroyllomatin (85) | ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) |
| Khellactone (86) | AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) |
| ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) | |
| 3′-Senecioyl khellactone (87) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2003) |
| Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 | |||
| AP | Anti-diabetic activity: α-glucosidase | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| Peguangxienin (88) | EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity: TPA-induced mouse ear edema | Akihisa et al. (2007) |
| (3′R,4′R)-3′-Angeloyl khellactone (89) (miswritten as isolaserpitin) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) | |
| EXD |
Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 |
Akihisa et al. (2003) | |
| EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity (details in the patent) | Akihisa et al. (2007) | |
| 4′-Senecioyl khellactone (90) | EXD | Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA | Akihisa et al. (2003) |
| Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 | |||
| Isolemanidin (91) (miswritten as laserpitin) | RT | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990b) |
| FR | First isolation from the part | Baba et al. (1990a) | |
| EXD |
Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 |
Akihisa et al. (2003) | |
| ST | Anti-hyperlipidemic activity: serum HDL↑, hepatic TG↓ (hepatic TG lipase, differentiation factor 1) | Ogawa et al. (2005b) | |
| EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity: TPA-induced mouse ear edema | Akihisa et al. (2007) | |
| Pteryxin (92) | EXD |
Anti-tumor-promoter activity: EBV-EA by TPA Anti-tumor-initiator activity: NOR 1 |
Akihisa et al. (2003) |
| EXD | Anti-inflammatory activity (details in the patent) | Akihisa et al. (2007) | |
| (+)-Cis-(3′R,4′R)-methylkhellactone (93) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2016) |
| (−)-Trans-(3′R,4′S)-methylkhellactone (94), | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2016) |
| Dihydrocoumarin | |||
| 3,4-Dihydroxanthotoxin (95) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2016) |
| Phenolics | |||
| 5-n-Pentadecylresorcinol (96) | EXD | First isolation from the part | Akihisa et al. (2003) |
| (Z)-p-Coumaryl alcohol (97) | AP | First isolation from the part | Kil et al. (2016) |
| Acetylenes | |||
| Falcarindiol (98) | EXD | First isolation from the part | Akihisa et al. (2003) |
| AP | Anti-diabetic activity: α-glucosidase | Luo et al. (2012) | |
| ST | Anti-diabetic activity: PTP1B | Li et al. (2015) | |
| Acetylenes | |||
| (11S,16R,Z)-11,16-Dihydroxyoctadeca-9,17-dien-12,14-diynyl acetate (99) | EXD | First isolation from the part | Akihisa et al. (2006) |
| (10S,15R,Z)-10,15-Dihydroxyheptadeca-8,16-dien-11,13-diynyl acetate (100) | AP | Anti-diabetic activity: α-glucosidase | Luo et al. (2012) |
| (11S,16R,Z)-Octadeca-9,17-dien-12,14-diyne-1,11,16-triol (101) | AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) |
| Angelicol B (102) | AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) |
| Sesquiterpene | |||
| Ashitabaol A (103) | SD | Anti-oxidative: free radical scavenging | Aoki and Ohta (2010) |
| Diterpene | |||
| Steviol-13-O-β-d-glucopyranoside 19-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (104) | LF | First isolation from the part | Zhou et al. (2012) |
| Triterpenes | |||
| Daucosterol (105) | LF | First isolation from the part | Zhou et al. (2012) |
| Stigmasterol (106) | LF | First isolation from the part | Zhou et al. (2012) |
| Triterpenes | |||
| Pregnenolone (107) | AP | Anti-oxidative activity: DPPH radical scavenging | Luo et al. (2012) |
| Nucleoside | |||
| Adenosine (108) | AP | First isolation from the part | Park et al. (1996) |
| Saccharide | |||
| Sucrose (109) | AP | First isolation from the part | Park et al. (1996) |
| AP | Anti-mutagenic activity (AFB1) | Park et al. (1997a) | |
| Acids | |||
| Angelic acid (110) | RT | First isolation from the part | Hata and Kozawa (1961) |
| Behenic acid (111) | RT | First isolation from the part | Hata and Kozawa (1961) |
| Others | |||
| 1-Cerotol (112) | LF | First isolation from the part | Zhou et al. (2012) |
| (E)-2,6-Dimethylocta-5,7-diene-2,3-diol (113) | AP | First isolation from the part | Luo et al. (2012) |
| Angelicol A (114) | AP | Anti-oxidative activity: DPPH radical scavenging | Luo et al. (2012) |
aPlant part code: WP whole plant, RT root, AP aerial part (including stem and leaf), ST stem, LF leaf, EXD exudate, FR fruit, SD seed; other source code: Syn synthetic, Com commercial