Characteristic	Intervention	Control 1	Control 2	Control 3
Hospital characteristics
Number of IP discharges	10,278	21,547	3,880	4,341
Number of ED visits	43,747	45,269	13,508	23,573
Patient characteristics
Age, mean (SD), y	49.7 (28.5)	31.3 (27.8)	60.3 (17.9)	42.6 (30.1)
Gender, % female	58.5	69.0	43.1	63.0
Race
White	57.6	37.0	67.1	38.5
Black	13.8	23.6	9.9	14.4
Asian	14.2	16.1	10.6	19.6
Other	14.4	23.3	12.3	27.4
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	74.1	72.6	87.5	63.6
Mexican	5.1	4.3	1.4	3.0
Other Hispanic origin	19.8	20.1	7.3	31.6
English as primary language, %	85.6	80.1	90.0	71.7
Length of stay, mean (SD), days	3.9 (5.5)	4.1 (7.1)	8.2 (11.4)	7.9 (74.8)
Payor, %
Medicare	30.2	14.1	37.0	26.0
Medi-Cal	14.4	22.8	6.5	20.4
DRG weight, mean (SD)	1.37 (1.49)	0.99 (1.04)	1.64 (1.36)	1.13 (0.98)
APR-DRG severity of illness category, %
0	0	0	0	3.6
1	30.4	41.3	23.3	31.1
2	33.8	30.6	32.5	36.7
3	23.5	16.0	32.0	21.9
4	9.0	3.3	11.4	6.2
Not entered	3.3	8.8	0.8	0.6
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
No. medications on admission, mean (SD)	7.6 (7.8)	4.2 (6.4)	7.9 (7.1)	5.2 (6.1)
No. medications at discharge, mean (SD)	6.9 (6.5)	4.3 (5.5)	6.8 (6.5)	4.5 (5.5)
Patient class profile, %
Inpatient	86.4	68.0	88.6	72.0
Newborn	13.6	32.0	0.0	20.4
SNF inpatient	0	0	11.4	7.6
Total	100	100	100	100

Abbreviations: APR-DRG, All Patient Refined DRG (3M Company, St. Paul, MN); DRG, diagnosis related group; ED, emergency department; IP, inpatient; SNF, skilled nursing facility.