Table 2.

Main adverse effects of chloroquine and HCQ treatment

Type
Ocular	Retinopathy (early changes reversible, may progress despite discontinuation if advanced), blurred vision, corneal changes/deposits
Neuromuscular and skeletal	Myopathy, palsy, or neuromyopathy leading to progressive weakness and atrophy of proximal muscle groups (may be associated with mild sensory changes, loss of deep tendon reflexes, and abnormal nerve conduction)
Cardiovascular	Cardiomyopathy (rare, relationship to HCQ unclear)
Central nervous system	Ataxia, dizziness, emotional changes, headache, irritability, lassitude, nervousness, nightmares, psychosis, seizure, vertigo
Gastrointestinal	Abdominal cramping, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal liver function
Cutaneous	Alopecia, angioedema, bleaching of hair, pigmentation changes (skin and mucosal; black-blue color), rash, pruritus
Otic	Deafness, tinnitus
Respiratory	Bronchospasm, respiratory failure (myopathy-related)
Hematological	Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hemolysis (in patients with glucose-6-phosphate deficiency), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Other	Exacerbation of psoriasis