Fig. 2.

Plaque reduction of JEV by R. palmatum extracts (a) and major components (b). Methanol and water extracts of R. palmatum and its components chrysophanol and aloe-emodin were serial diluted and mixed with JEV (100 pfu), and then each mixture was immediately added into the well of BHK-21 cell monolayer at 37 °C for 1 h and then overlaid with MEM medium containing 1.1 % methylcellulose. Viral plaques were stained with naphthol blue-black dye after 3 days of incubation