Table 1: Patient and Hospital Characteristics.
| Overall | Teaching hospital | Non-teaching hospital | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | No. (%) or mean ± standard deviation | ||
| Total no. patients | 17,075 | 14,354 | 2,721 |
| Female | 10,720 (62.8%) | 8,857 (61.7%) | 1,863 (68.5%) |
| Age | 48.5 ± 11.5 | 48.7 ± 11.5 | 47.2 ± 11.6 |
| Type of surgery | |||
| General | 6,190 (36.3%) | 5,088 (35.5%) | 1,102 (40.5%) |
| Joint/Spine | 5,658 (33.1%) | 4,860 (33.9%) | 798 (29.3%) |
| Oncologic | 727 (4.3%) | 662 (4.6%) | 65 (2.4%) |
| Cardiothoracic/Vascular | 709 (4.2%) | 683 (4.8%) | 26 (1.0%) |
| Gynecologic | 3,791 (22.2%) | 3,061 (21.3%) | 730 (26.8%) |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 1,634 (9.6%) | 1,465 (10.2%) | 169 (6.2%) |
| Pulmonary | 786 (4.6%) | 673 (4.7%) | 113 (4.2%) |
| Diabetes | 2046 (12.0%) | 1,757 (12.2%) | 289 (10.6%) |
| Kidney disease | 134 (0.8%) | 119 (0.8%) | 15 (0.6%) |
| Liver disease | 90 (0.5%) | 83 (0.6%) | 7 (0.3%) |
| Other gastrointestinal | 517 (3.0%) | 443 (3.1%) | 74 (2.7%) |
| Coagulopathy | 624 (3.7%) | 570 (4.0%) | 54 (2.0%) |
| Morbid obesity | 1,594 (9.3%) | 1,384 (9.6%) | 210 (7.7%) |
| Musculoskeletal | 727 (4.3%) | 636 (4.4%) | 91 (3.3%) |
| Cancer | 1,507 (8.8%) | 1,348 (9.4%) | 159 (5.8%) |
| Psychiatric | 708 (4.2%) | 593 (4.1%) | 115 (4.2%) |
| Hospital characteristics | |||
| Total no. hospital | 76 | 51 | 25 |
| Teaching hospital | 51 (67.1%) | 51 | 0 |
| Hospital size | |||
| Small | 21 (27.6%) | 14 (27.5%) | 7 (28.0%) |
| Medium | 25 (32.9%) | 16 (31.4%) | 9 (36.0%) |
| Large | 28 (36.8%) | 21 (41.2%) | 7 (28.0%) |
| Unknown | 2 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (8.0%) |
| For-profit hospital | 6 (7.9%) | 6 (11.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Percentages represent column percentages.