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. 2020 Mar 23;11:133. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01639-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — hucMSC-exosomes inhibited intimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis in arterialized vein grafts. a Representative ultrasound images of vein grafts from the PBS group (left panel) and exosome group (right panel). Quantification of the luminal diameter (b) and peak-systolic velocity (c) in vein grafts. d Histologic images of haematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) staining in vein grafts from the normal vein group (left panel), PBS group (middle panel), and exosome group (right panel). e Quantification of the neointimal thickness in vein grafts. f Immunohistochemical staining of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in vein grafts from the PBS group (left panel) and exosome group (right panel). g Immunohistochemical staining of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in vein grafts from the PBS group (left panel) and exosome group (right panel). h Immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in vein grafts from the PBS group (left panel) and exosome group (right panel). i Quantitative analysis of PCNA-positive index in vein grafts. The PCNA-positive index was quantified as the percentage of total nuclei in the neointima. Scale bar is 200 μm in panels d, f, g, and h. The results are presented as the mean ± SD, n = 6 for each group. An asterisk represents statistically significant difference compared with the PBS group (P < 0.05). Number sign represents statistically significant difference compared with the normal vein group (P < 0.05)