Table 2.
Prognostic factors for overall and cancer-specific survival
| overall survival using Cox regression | cancer-specific survival using Cox regression | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unadjusteda | full modelb | unadjusteda | full modelb | ||||||
| HR (95% CI) | pc | HR (95% CI) | pc | HR (95% CI) | pc | HR (95% CI) | pc | ||
| Resection | No | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 0.62 (0.58–0.65) | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | 0.62 (0.58–0.66) | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | |||||
| Metastasis | Liver only | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 |
| Lung only | 0.78 (0.70–0.86) | 0.69 (0.62–0.76) | 0.75 (0.68–0.84) | 0.67 (0.60–0.75) | |||||
| Liver and Lung | 1.62 (1.51–1.74) | 1.58 (1.47–1.69) | 1.64 (1.52–1.76) | 1.59 (1.48–1.71) | |||||
| Tumor localization | Right | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 |
| Transverse | 0.91 (0.84–0.98) | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 0.91 (0.84–0.98) | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | |||||
| Left | 0.61 (0.57–0.65) | 0.77 (0.72–0.82) | 0.61 (0.57–0.65) | 0.77 (0.72–0.82) | |||||
| Rectosigmoid | 0.58 (0.53–0.64) | 0.72 (0.66–0.80) | 0.58 (0.53–0.64) | 0.73 (0.66–0.80) | |||||
| Rectum | 0.46 (0.42–0.50) | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) | 0.46 (0.41–0.50) | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) | |||||
| T-Stage | T1 to T3 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 |
| T4 | 1.60 (1.52–1.69) | 1.44 (1.37–1.52) | 1.74 (1.62–1.87) | 1.47 (1.40–1.56) | |||||
| N-Stage | N0 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 |
| N1 | 1.64 (1.54–1.76) | 1.57 (1.47–1.69) | 1.74 (1.62–1.87) | 1.65 (1.53–1.78) | |||||
| Grade | G1/2 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 |
| G3/4 | 1.73 (1.63–1.82) | 1.50 (1.42–1.59) | 1.77 (1.67–1.87) | 1.53 (1.44–1.62) | |||||
| Chemo- and/or | No | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 |
| Radiotherapy | Yes | 0.29 (0.27–0.30) | 0.34 (0.32–0.36) | 0.30 (0.28–0.31) | 0.35 (0.33–0.37) | ||||
| Year of diagnosis | 2010–2012 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | 0.044 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | 0.052 |
| 2013–2015 | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) | |||||
| Age (years) | < 50 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 |
| 50–64 | 1.24 (1.14–1.34) | 1.12 (1.03–1.21) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | 1.10 (1.01–1.19) | |||||
| 65–79 | 1.71 (1.58–1.85) | 1.35 (1.25–1.47) | 1.62 (1.50–1.76) | 1.29 (1.19–1.41) | |||||
| 80+ | 3.59 (3.28–3.94) | 1.96 (1.77–2.17) | 3.35 (3.05–3.69) | 1.85 (1.67–2.05) | |||||
| Gender | male | Reference | 0.106 | Reference | 0.048 | Reference | 0.034 | Reference | 0.2227 |
| female | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | |||||
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | 0.001 |
| African-American | 1.15 (1.08–1.24) | 1.11 (1.04–1.20) | 1.15 (1.08–1.24) | 1.11 (1.03–1.20) | |||||
| other/unknown | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) | |||||
| Marital status | married | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 | Reference | < 0.001 |
| single | 1.46 (1.38–1.55) | 1.21 (1.14–1.28) | 1.45 (1.36–1.53) | 1.20 (1.13–1.28) | |||||
| other/unknown | 1.12 (1.05–1.21) | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | |||||
Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of Wald type
aunivariate Cox regression analysis; bmultivariable Cox regression analysis; clikelihood ratio test