Table 2.
HRQoL scores and effect size according to the GOLD severity
| EQ-5D utility* Mean score (SD) |
EQ-VAS* Mean score (SD) |
CAT* Mean score (SD) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| GOLD classification of lung function and HRQoL | |||
| GOLD-1, FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted | 0.911a (0.111) | 72.97a (11.49) | 12.28a (7.42) |
| GOLD-2, 50% ≤ FEV1 < 80% predicted | 0.860a (0.117) | 68.84ab (17.18) | 14.14a (8.26) |
| GOLD-3, 30% ≤ FEV1 < 50% predicted | 0.792b (0.156) | 63.44b (19.2) | 19.76b (8.62) |
| GOLD-4, FEV1 < 30% predicted | 0.664c (0.169) | 52.50c (16.5) | 24.85c (7.78) |
| Total | 0.831 (0.146) | 66.52 (17.85) | 16.39 (8.96) |
| Effect size d | |||
| Between GOLD-1 and GOLD-2 | 0.445 | 0.252 | −0.228 |
| Between GOLD-2 and GOLD-3 | 0.510 | 0.301 | −0.670 |
| Between GOLD-3 and GOLD-4 | 0.803 | 0.584 | −0.601 |
| Correlations for each HRQoL scores e | |||
| Between FEV1% predicted | 0.422 | 0.284 | −0.371 |
| Between GOLD grade | −0.380 | −0.258 | 0.375 |
HRQoL Health-Related Quality of Life, SD standard deviation, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s
*p < 0.001, p-value for severity group was calculated by ANOVA;
a; b; c; the same superscript letters indicate non-significant difference between GOLD groups based on Duncan’s post-hoc test (p < 0.05);
deffect size used Cohen’s d = M1 - M2 / Spooled, where Spooled = √[(S12+ S22) / 2];
eSpearman’s rank correlation coefficient (p < 0.05)