Table 2.

Simple descriptive statistics of the sample

Variables		Frequency	Percentage (N = 408)
Sociodemographic characteristics
Gender	Male	156	38.20%
	Female	252	61.80%
Age	60–64	50	12.30%
	65–69	62	15.20%
	70–74	98	24.00%
	75–79	88	21.60%
	80 and above	110	27.00%
Educational level	Illiteracy	124	30.40%
	Primary school	108	26.50%
	Middle school	104	25.50%
	Technical secondary school or High school	56	13.70%
	Junior College	10	2.50%
	Undergraduate or above	4	1.00%
Health status	Very good	116	28.40%
	General	204	50.00%
	Bad	88	21.60%
Whether suffering from chronic diseases	No	88	21.60%
	Yes	320	78.40%
Self-care ability	Fully self-care	290	71.10%
	Partial self-care	90	22.10%
	Without self-care ability	28	6.90%
Career before retirement	Daily laborer	182	44.60%
	Civil servant	2	0.50%
	Public institution employee	28	6.90%
	State-owned company employee	88	21.60%
	Private company employee	52	12.70%
	Merchant	34	8.30%
	Other	22	5.40%
Family structure
Living status	Living alone	68	16.70%
	With spouse	198	48.50%
	With children	104	25.50%
	With grandchildren	8	2.00%
	Three generations living together	30	7.40%
Economic characteristics
Monthly income	< 1000 RMB	146	35.80%
	1000–1500 RMB	60	14.70%
	1500–2000 RMB	40	9.80%
	2000–2500 RMB	40	9.80%
	>  2500 RMB	122	29.90%
Income source	Pension and endowment insurance	238	58.30%
	Money from children or relatives	96	23.50%
	Personal labor income	12	2.90%
	Government aid	42	10.30%
	Other	20	4.90%
Source of medical expenses	Self-pay	102	25.00%
	Medical insurance	226	55.40%
	Children aid	76	18.60%
	Other	4	1.00%
Elderly care intention
Elderly care intention	Private homes	108	72.10%
	Long-term care institutions	6	1.50%
	Community-based care facilities	294	26.50%