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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2020 Jan 8;104:106263. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106263

Table 2:

Prevalence of dual-use behaviors by sociodemographic groups, Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (n = 1,665)

Predominant smoker Heavy dual-user Predominant vaper Light dual-user p
Age (years)
 18–25 62.6 8.7 6.0 22.8 < .001
 26–34 70.4 9.5 5.6 14.4
 35–44 70.6 10.1 5.9 13.4
 45–54 73.7 8.7 4.3 13.3
 55+ 71.1 13.3 8.2 7.3
Sex
 Male 67.9 11.3 6.7 14.1 .02
 Female 71.4 8.5 5.0 15.0
Race
 White 70.9 11.2 6.2 11.7 < .001
 Other 65.8 5.9 4.9 23.3
Sexual orientation
 Gay, lesbian, or bisexual 70.5 6.4 7.8 15.3 .10
 Straight 69.5 10.3 5.7 14.5
Education
 < high school 72.2 9.2 5.9 12.6 < .001
 High school degree or equivalent 72.8 11.5 5.5 10.1
 Some college or Associate’s degree 69.4 8.9 6.3 15.4
 College degree or higher 59.0 9.3 5.8 25.9
Poverty
 Below poverty level 71.5 8.9 6.5 13.1 .23
 At or near poverty level 70.4 10.5 5.3 13.8
 At or above twice poverty level 67.2 10.5 5.8 16.5

Notes. Includes respondents with data from Waves 1 and 3. Heavy dual-users were every day smokers and vapers. Predominant smokers were every day smokers and some day vapers. Predominant vapers some day smokers and every day vapers. Light dual-users were some day smokers and vapers were.