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. 2020 Mar 17;11:416. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00416

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Copyright © 2020 Zhu, Liu, Zhou, Yi, Lun, Wang, Tang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schemes of the metabolism of Clostridium ljungdahlii grown on H₂/CO₂ at pH 6.0 and gas pressure of 0.1 MPa. For simplification, an electron-bifurcating methylene-THF reductase is assumed here, and protons in the individual reactions are omitted. The energy source (H₂) and carbon source (CO₂) are in red and the product (acetate) is in orange. “+ ×” indicates ATP and reduced electron carriers (Fd_red, NADH and NADPH), which are in different color in the scheme, are produced. On the contrary, “− ×” indicates ATP and reduced electron carriers are consumed in redox reactions.