Table 2.
Results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for health-related quality of life and ADHD symptomatology, comparing the probiotic and placebo group scores.
| Probiotic group (N = 18) | Placebo group (N = 14) | p$ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline M (SD) | Follow-upM (SD) |
Δ M (SD) |
p# | d | BaselineM (SD) | Follow-up M (SD) | ΔM (SD) | p# | d | ||
| PedsQL Child Self-Report Total Score | 24.8 (11.0) | 19.8 (8.1) | −5.1 (9.0) | 0.021* | 0.53 | 25.9 (17.4) | 25.2 (13.8) | −0.6 (8.1) | 0.563 | 0.04 | 0.044 |
| PedsQL Parent Proxy-Report Total Score | 28.8 (11.1) | 22.7 (10.4) | −6.2 (13.0) | 0.078 | 0.57 | 36.6 (16.8) | 26.8 (12.3) | −9.7 (10.1) | 0.021* | 0.67 | 0.598 |
| ADHD Rating Scale | 33.7 (7.9) | 26.4 (9.3) | −7.2 (8.7) | 0.008* | 0.84 | 35.1 (10.5) | 27.7 (16.3) | −7.4 (11.2) | 0.021* | 0.54 | 0.952 |
| Child Behavior Checklist Parent Form Total Score | 50.8 (18.3) | 37.0 (14.6) | −13.8 (20.6) | 0.003* | 0.84 | 49.9 (22.5) | 34.8 (14.6) | −15.1 (16.2) | 0.008* | 0.80 | 0.410 |
| Child Behavior Checklist Teacher Report Form Total Score | 44.4 (25.3) | 35.6 (20.0) | −8.9 (24.2) | 0.185 | 0.39 | 54.4 (17.3) | 55.3 (25.2) | 0.9 (15.5) | 0.889 | 0.04 | 0.296 |
*
p < 0.05;
#
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (follow-up vs. baseline comparison for each group separately).
Δ follow-up minus baseline;
$
Mann-Whitney U-test (Δ comparison between the groups).
N, numerus; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; d, The Cohen's d effect size.