Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by Randomized Group
| Baseline Characteristics Number (%) or Mean (SD) | Total Sample (n=1196) | Web (n=303) | Phone (n=296) | Web + Phone (n=292) | Usual Care (n=305) | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doctor or HCP ever suggested you do a stool test? n(%) responding yes | 458 (38.3) | 120 (39.6) | 119 (40.2) | 108 (37.0) | 111 (36.5) | 0.7304 |
| Doctor ever recommended that you have a colonoscopy? n(%) responding yes | 785 (65.8) | 194 (64.2) | 192 (65.1) | 201 (68.8) | 198 (65.1) | 0.6480 |
| Baseline adherence to breast cancer screening | 504 (42.1) | 123 (40.6) | 128 (43.2) | 125 (42.8) | 128 (42.0) | 0.9185 |
| Baseline Colorectal Cancer Screening Stage, n(%) in Contemplation at baseline; (n, % in Precontemplation can be calculated as 100 - % shown below) | ||||||
| Stool test at home | 173 (14.5) | 43 (14.2) | 44 (14.9) | 41 (14.0) | 45 (14.8) | 0.9894 |
| Colonoscopy | 291 (24.3) | 79 (26.1) | 66 (22.3) | 76 (26.0) | 70 (22.9) | 0.5858 |
| Any Colorectal cancer Screening | 410 (34.3) | 107 (35.3) | 98 (33.1) | 104 (35.6) | 101 (33.1) | 0.8639 |
| Risk-appropriate Colorectal cancer screening | 404 (33.8) | 106 (35.0) | 98 (33.2) | 101 (34.6) | 99 (32.5) | 0.7062 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 58.9 (6.2) | 59.3 (6.4) | 58.7 (6.0) | 58.6 (5.9) | 58.9 (6.3) | 0.5727 |
| Highest education | 0.5279 | |||||
| High school graduate or less | 332 (27.8) | 79 (26.1) | 85 (28.9) | 90 (30.8) | 78 (25.7) | |
| Some college | 501 (42.0) | 137 (45.2) | 120 (40.8) | 121 (41.4) | 123 (40.5) | |
| 4 year college graduate to graduate degree | 360 (30.2) | 87 (28.7) | 89 (30.3) | 81 (27.7) | 103 (33.9) | |
| Race | 0.0363 | |||||
| Black or African American | 124 (10.4) | 40 (13.2) | 22 (7.4) | 36 (12.3) | 26 (8.5) | |
| White or Caucasian | 1032 (86.3) | 255 (84.2) | 269 (90.9) | 243 (83.2) | 265 (86.9) | |
| Asian, Pacific Islander, or Other | 40 (3.4) | 8 (2.6) | 5 (1.7) | 13 (4.5) | 14 (4.6) | |
| Married or living with a partner | 719 (60.4) | 182 (60.1) | 188 (64.0) | 171 (58.8) | 178 (58.8) | 0.4493 |
| Total combined yearly household income before taxes | 0.6973 | |||||
| $30,000 or less | 359 (31.2) | 99 (33.9) | 82 (28.8) | 95 (33.3) | 83 (28.6) | |
| $30,001 – $75,000 | 474 (41.2) | 114 (39.0) | 124 (43.5) | 110 (38.6) | 126 (43.5) | |
| $75,001 or above | 319 (27.6) | 79 (27.1) | 79 (27.7) | 80 (28.1) | 81 (27.9) | |
| In the past year, how many times have you seen your doctor or other HCP? (not counting dentist or eye doctor) | ||||||
| 3 or more times, n (%) | 573 (48.3) | 167 (55.5) | 130 (44.1) | 144 (49.5) | 132 (44.2) | 0.0144 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 0.6359 | |||||
| Underweight / Normal | 287 (25.0) | 70 (24.0) | 74 (26.2) | 72 (25.9) | 71 (24.1) | |
| Overweight | 324 (28.2) | 86 (29.5) | 82 (29.0) | 66 (23.7) | 90 (30.5) | |
| Obese | 537 (46.8) | 136 (46.6) | 127 (44.9) | 140 (50.4) | 134 (45.4) | |
| Total number of self- reported health problems, mean (SD) | 1.8 (1.7) | 2.1 (1.8) | 1.7 (1.7) | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.6) | 0.0190 |
| Does depression limit your activities? n (%) yes, | 99 (8.5) | 27 (9.1) | 17 (6.0) | 37 (12.8) | 18 (6.0) | 0.0084 |
| Perceived age- adjusted risk for colon cancer, n (%) | 0.6297 | |||||
| About the same or not sure | 873 (73.0) | 216 (71.3) | 212 (71.6) | 225 (77.3) | 220 (72.1) | |
| Higher risk | 82 (6.9) | 22 (7.3) | 19 (6.4) | 17 (5.8) | 24 (7.9) | |
| Lower risk | 240 (20.1) | 65 (21.4) | 65 (22.0) | 49 (16.8) | 61 (20.0) | |
| Cancer and Cancer Screening Beliefs | ||||||
| Fatalism | 20.5 (6.9) | 20.4 (6.4) | 20.9 (7.2) | 20.6 (6.8) | 20.1 (7.0) | 0.6159 |
| Fear | 23.0 (7.5) | 23.1 (7.5) | 23.4 (7.6) | 22.9 (7.5) | 22.4 (7.3) | 0.4497 |
| Susceptibility to colon cancer | 6.8 (2.2) | 6.8 (2.2) | 6.8 (2.2) | 6.8 (2.3) | 6.8 (2.2) | 0.9895 |
| Benefits of colorectal cancer screening | 18.1 (3.1) | 18.1 (3.1) | 18.0 (3.3) | 18.0 (3.0) | 18.1 (3.1) | 0.9260 |
| Barriers to Stool Test | 20.1 (5.0) | 19.9 (5.3) | 20.4 (5.0) | 20.1 (5.1) | 19.9 (4.6) | 0.5577 |
| Barriers to colonoscopy | 36.1 (8.7) | 36.0 (8.8) | 36.6 (9.0) | 36.3 (8.9) | 35.3 (8.0) | 0.2744 |
| Self-efficacy for Stool Test | 28.4 (4.8) | 28.4 (4.8) | 28.7 (4.5) | 28.2 (5.3) | 28.4 (4.7) | 0.5341 |
| Self-efficacy for colonoscopy | 36.9 (7.2) | 36.7 (7.5) | 36.7 (7.2) | 36.9 (7.3) | 37.3 (6.7) | 0.7387 |
| Knowledge for colonoscopy | 5.3 (1.9) | 5.2 (1.9) | 5.3 (1.9) | 5.2 (2.0) | 5.3 (1.9) | 0.8782 |
Note. For continuous variables and ordinal income, the two-sided independent-groups t-test was used unless parametric assumptions were violated in which case the two-sided Kruskal-Wallis test was used. For categorical variables, the chi-square test was used. HCP = health care provider. COLORECTAL CANCER = colorectal cancer