Figure. 3:
ER stress led to decreased oxidative phosphorylation and increased cell death in H9c2 cells.
Panel A: THAP treatment led to decreased oxidative phosphorylation in H9c2 cells oxidizing complex I substrates. THAP did not markedly alter oxidative phosphorylation in H9c2 cells oxidizing complex II substrates.
Panel B: THAP-induced ER stress increased cell death in H9c2 cells. Prevention of calpain activation using MDL-28170 (10 uM) led to decreased cell death in H9c2 cells, indicating that ER stress-mediated calpain activation contributes to cell death. Mean ± SEM. *p<0.05 vs. vehicle. N=4 in each group.