Table 1.
Signals and symptoms that may contribute in the differential diagnosis between dengue, chikungunya and Zika illnesses.
| Signals/Symptoms | Arboviruses |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Chikungunya | Dengue | Zika | |
| Fever | >38 °C (2–3da) | >38 °C (4–7d) | ≤38 °C (1-2d) |
| Rash | ++ (d2-d5b) | + (d4c) | +++ (d1-d2d) |
| Pruritus | +/++ | +/+++ | ++/+++ |
| Myalgia | + | +++ | ++ |
| Arthralgia | +++ | + | ++ |
| Retrorbital pain | +/- | +++ | +/- |
| Conjunctivites | + | +/- | ++/+++ |
| Skin Bleeding | +/- | ++ | +/- |
| Joint swelling | ++/+++ | +/- | + |
| Headache | ++ | +++ | ++ |
| Diarrhea | +/- | ++ | +/- |
| Neurological impairment | ++ | + | +++ |
| Lymphadenophaty | ++ | + | +++ |
| Hemorrhagic dyscrasia | + | ++ | – |
References: Brito and Cordeiro (2016); PAHO (2017).
a
Duration of fever in days.
b
Onset of rash in 50% of cases.
c
Onset of rash in 30–50% of cases.
d
Onset of rash in 100% of cases.