Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the Study Patients, According to Disease Severity and the Presence or Absence of the Primary Composite End Point.*.
| Characteristic | All Patients (N=1099) |
Disease Severity | Presence of Primary Composite End Point† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsevere (N=926) |
Severe (N=173) |
Yes (N=67) |
No (N=1032) |
||
| Age | |||||
| Median (IQR) — yr | 47.0 (35.0–58.0) | 45.0 (34.0–57.0) | 52.0 (40.0–65.0) | 63.0 (53.0–71.0) | 46.0 (35.0–57.0) |
| Distribution — no./total no. (%) | |||||
| 0–14 yr | 9/1011 (0.9) | 8/848 (0.9) | 1/163 (0.6) | 0 | 9/946 (1.0) |
| 15–49 yr | 557/1011 (55.1) | 490/848 (57.8) | 67/163 (41.1) | 12/65 (18.5) | 545/946 (57.6) |
| 50–64 yr | 292/1011 (28.9) | 241/848 (28.4) | 51/163 (31.3) | 21/65 (32.3) | 271/946 (28.6) |
| ≥65 yr | 153/1011 (15.1) | 109/848 (12.9) | 44/163 (27.0) | 32/65 (49.2) | 121/946 (12.8) |
| Female sex — no./total no. (%) | 459/1096 (41.9) | 386/923 (41.8) | 73/173 (42.2) | 22/67 (32.8) | 437/1029 (42.5) |
| Smoking history — no./total no. (%) | |||||
| Never smoked | 927/1085 (85.4) | 793/913 (86.9) | 134/172 (77.9) | 44/66 (66.7) | 883/1019 (86.7) |
| Former smoker | 21/1085 (1.9) | 12/913 (1.3) | 9/172 (5.2) | 5/66 (7.6) | 16/1019 (1.6) |
| Current smoker | 137/1085 (12.6) | 108/913 (11.8) | 29/172 (16.9) | 17/66 (25.8) | 120/1019 (11.8) |
| Exposure to source of transmission within past 14 days — no./total no. | |||||
| Living in Wuhan | 483/1099 (43.9) | 400/926 (43.2) | 83/173 (48.0) | 39/67 (58.2) | 444/1032 (43.0) |
| Contact with wildlife | 13/687 (1.9) | 10/559 (1.8) | 3/128 (2.3) | 1/41 (2.4) | 12/646 (1.9) |
| Recently visited Wuhan‡ | 193/616 (31.3) | 166/526 (31.6) | 27/90 (30.0) | 10/28 (35.7) | 183/588 (31.1) |
| Had contact with Wuhan residents‡ | 442/611 (72.3) | 376/522 (72.0) | 66/89 (74.2) | 19/28 (67.9) | 423/583 (72.6) |
| Median incubation period (IQR) — days§ | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.8–7.0) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (1.0–7.5) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) |
| Fever on admission | |||||
| Patients — no./total no. (%) | 473/1081 (43.8) | 391/910 (43.0) | 82/171 (48.0) | 24/66 (36.4) | 449/1015 (44.2) |
| Median temperature (IQR) — °C | 37.3 (36.7–38.0) | 37.3 (36.7–38.0) | 37.4 (36.7–38.1) | 36.8 (36.3–37.8) | 37.3 (36.7–38.0) |
| Distribution of temperature — no./total no. (%) | |||||
| <37.5°C | 608/1081 (56.2) | 519/910 (57.0) | 89/171 (52.0) | 42/66 (63.6) | 566/1015 (55.8) |
| 37.5–38.0°C | 238/1081 (22.0) | 201/910 (22.1) | 37/171 (21.6) | 10/66 (15.2) | 228/1015 (22.5) |
| 38.1–39.0°C | 197/1081 (18.2) | 160/910 (17.6) | 37/171 (21.6) | 11/66 (16.7) | 186/1015 (18.3) |
| >39.0°C | 38/1081 (3.5) | 30/910 (3.3) | 8/171 (4.7) | 3/66 (4.5) | 35/1015 (3.4) |
| Fever during hospitalization | |||||
| Patients — no./total no. (%) | 975/1099 (88.7) | 816/926 (88.1) | 159/173 (91.9) | 59/67 (88.1) | 916/1032 (88.8) |
| Median highest temperature (IQR) — °C | 38.3 (37.8–38.9) | 38.3 (37.8–38.9) | 38.5 (38.0–39.0) | 38.5 (38.0–39.0) | 38.3 (37.8–38.9) |
| <37.5°C | 92/926 (9.9) | 79/774 (10.2) | 13/152 (8.6) | 3/54 (5.6) | 89/872 (10.2) |
| 37.5–38.0°C | 286/926 (30.9) | 251/774 (32.4) | 35/152 (23.0) | 20/54 (37.0) | 266/872 (30.5) |
| 38.1–39.0°C | 434/926 (46.9) | 356/774 (46.0) | 78/152 (51.3) | 21/54 (38.9) | 413/872 (47.4) |
| >39.0°C | 114/926 (12.3) | 88/774 (11.4) | 26/152 (17.1) | 10/54 (18.5) | 104/872 (11.9) |
| Symptoms — no. (%) | |||||
| Conjunctival congestion | 9 (0.8) | 5 (0.5) | 4 (2.3) | 0 | 9 (0.9) |
| Nasal congestion | 53 (4.8) | 47 (5.1) | 6 (3.5) | 2 (3.0) | 51 (4.9) |
| Headache | 150 (13.6) | 124 (13.4) | 26 (15.0) | 8 (11.9) | 142 (13.8) |
| Cough | 745 (67.8) | 623 (67.3) | 122 (70.5) | 46 (68.7) | 699 (67.7) |
| Sore throat | 153 (13.9) | 130 (14.0) | 23 (13.3) | 6 (9.0) | 147 (14.2) |
| Sputum production | 370 (33.7) | 309 (33.4) | 61 (35.3) | 20 (29.9) | 350 (33.9) |
| Fatigue | 419 (38.1) | 350 (37.8) | 69 (39.9) | 22 (32.8) | 397 (38.5) |
| Hemoptysis | 10 (0.9) | 6 (0.6) | 4 (2.3) | 2 (3.0) | 8 (0.8) |
| Shortness of breath | 205 (18.7) | 140 (15.1) | 65 (37.6) | 36 (53.7) | 169 (16.4) |
| Nausea or vomiting | 55 (5.0) | 43 (4.6) | 12 (6.9) | 3 (4.5) | 52 (5.0) |
| Diarrhea | 42 (3.8) | 32 (3.5) | 10 (5.8) | 4 (6.0) | 38 (3.7) |
| Myalgia or arthralgia | 164 (14.9) | 134 (14.5) | 30 (17.3) | 6 (9.0) | 158 (15.3) |
| Chills | 126 (11.5) | 100 (10.8) | 26 (15.0) | 8 (11.9) | 118 (11.4) |
| Signs of infection — no. (%) | |||||
| Throat congestion | 19 (1.7) | 17 (1.8) | 2 (1.2) | 0 | 19 (1.8) |
| Tonsil swelling | 23 (2.1) | 17 (1.8) | 6 (3.5) | 1 (1.5) | 22 (2.1) |
| Enlargement of lymph nodes | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (0.1) |
| Rash | 2 (0.2) | 0 | 2 (1.2) | 0 | 2 (0.2) |
| Coexisting disorder — no. (%) | |||||
| Any | 261 (23.7) | 194 (21.0) | 67 (38.7) | 39 (58.2) | 222 (21.5) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 12 (1.1) | 6 (0.6) | 6 (3.5) | 7 (10.4) | 5 (0.5) |
| Diabetes | 81 (7.4) | 53 (5.7) | 28 (16.2) | 18 (26.9) | 63 (6.1) |
| Hypertension | 165 (15.0) | 124 (13.4) | 41 (23.7) | 24 (35.8) | 141 (13.7) |
| Coronary heart disease | 27 (2.5) | 17 (1.8) | 10 (5.8) | 6 (9.0) | 21 (2.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15 (1.4) | 11 (1.2) | 4 (2.3) | 4 (6.0) | 11 (1.1) |
| Hepatitis B infection¶ | 23 (2.1) | 22 (2.4) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.5) | 22 (2.1) |
| Cancer‖ | 10 (0.9) | 7 (0.8) | 3 (1.7) | 1 (1.5) | 9 (0.9) |
| Chronic renal disease | 8 (0.7) | 5 (0.5) | 3 (1.7) | 2 (3.0) | 6 (0.6) |
| Immunodeficiency | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.2) |
*
The denominators of patients who were included in the analysis are provided if they differed from the overall numbers in the group. Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. Covid-19 denotes coronavirus disease 2019, and IQR interquartile range.
†
The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death.
‡
These patients were not residents of Wuhan.
§
Data regarding the incubation period were missing for 808 patients (73.5%).
¶
The presence of hepatitis B infection was defined as a positive result on testing for hepatitis B surface antigen with or without elevated levels of alanine or aspartate aminotransferase.
‖
Included in this category is any type of cancer.