Table 2. Radiographic and Laboratory Findings.*.
| Variable | All Patients (N=1099) |
Disease Severity | Presence of Composite Primary End Point | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsevere (N=926) |
Severe (N=173) |
Yes (N=67) |
No (N=1032) |
||
| Radiologic findings | |||||
| Abnormalities on chest radiograph — no./total no. (%) | 162/274 (59.1) | 116/214 (54.2) | 46/60 (76.7) | 30/39 (76.9) | 132/235 (56.2) |
| Ground-glass opacity | 55/274 (20.1) | 37/214 (17.3) | 18/60 (30.0) | 9/39 (23.1) | 46/235 (19.6) |
| Local patchy shadowing | 77/274 (28.1) | 56/214 (26.2) | 21/60 (35.0) | 13/39 (33.3) | 64/235 (27.2) |
| Bilateral patchy shadowing | 100/274 (36.5) | 65/214 (30.4) | 35/60 (58.3) | 27/39 (69.2) | 73/235 (31.1) |
| Interstitial abnormalities | 12/274 (4.4) | 7/214 (3.3) | 5/60 (8.3) | 6/39 (15.4) | 6/235 (2.6) |
| Abnormalities on chest CT — no./total no. (%) | 840/975 (86.2) | 682/808 (84.4) | 158/167 (94.6) | 50/57 (87.7) | 790/918 (86.1) |
| Ground-glass opacity | 550/975 (56.4) | 449/808 (55.6) | 101/167 (60.5) | 30/57 (52.6) | 520/918 (56.6) |
| Local patchy shadowing | 409/975 (41.9) | 317/808 (39.2) | 92/167 (55.1) | 22/57 (38.6) | 387/918 (42.2) |
| Bilateral patchy shadowing | 505/975 (51.8) | 368/808 (45.5) | 137/167 (82.0) | 40/57 (70.2) | 465/918 (50.7) |
| Interstitial abnormalities | 143/975 (14.7) | 99/808 (12.3) | 44/167 (26.3) | 15/57 (26.3) | 128/918 (13.9) |
| Laboratory findings | |||||
| Median Pao2:Fio2 ratio (IQR)† | 3.9 (2.9–4.7) | 3.9 (2.9–4.5) | 4.0 (2.8–5.2) | 2.9 (2.2–5.4) | 4.0 (3.1–4.6) |
| White-cell count | |||||
| Median (IQR) — per mm3 | 4700 (3500– 6000) |
4900 (3800–6000) |
3700 (3000–6200) |
6100 (4900– 11,100) |
4700 (3500– 5900) |
| Distribution — no./total no. (%) | |||||
| >10,000 per mm3 | 58/978 (5.9) | 39/811 (4.8) | 19/167 (11.4) | 15/58 (25.9) | 43/920 (4.7) |
| <4000 per mm3 | 330/978 (33.7) | 228/811 (28.1) | 102/167 (61.1) | 8/58 (13.8) | 322/920 (35.0) |
| Lymphocyte count | |||||
| Median (IQR) — per mm3 | 1000 (700–1300) |
1000 (800–1400) |
800 (600–1000) |
700 (600–900) |
1000 (700–1300) |
| Distribution — no./total no. (%) | |||||
| <1500 per mm3 | 731/879 (83.2) | 584/726 (80.4) | 147/153 (96.1) | 50/54 (92.6) | 681/825 (82.5) |
| Platelet count | |||||
| Median (IQR) — per mm3 | 168,000 (132,000–207,000) |
172,000 (139,000–212,000) |
137,500 (99,000–179,500) |
156,500 (114,200–195,000) |
169,000 (133,000–207,000) |
| Distribution — no./total no. (%) | |||||
| <150,000 per mm3 | 315/869 (36.2) | 225/713 (31.6) | 90/156 (57.7) | 27/58 (46.6) | 288/811 (35.5) |
| Median hemoglobin (IQR) — g/dl‡ | 13.4 (11.9–14.8) | 13.5 (12.0–14.8) | 12.8 (11.2–14.1) | 12.5 (10.5–14.0) | 13.4 (12.0–14.8) |
| Distribution of other findings — no./total no. (%) | |||||
| C-reactive protein ≥10 mg/liter | 481/793 (60.7) | 371/658 (56.4) | 110/135 (81.5) | 41/45 (91.1) | 440/748 (58.8) |
| Procalcitonin ≥0.5 ng/ml | 35/633 (5.5) | 19/516 (3.7) | 16/117 (13.7) | 12/50 (24.0) | 23/583 (3.9) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase ≥250 U/liter | 277/675 (41.0) | 205/551 (37.2) | 72/124 (58.1) | 31/44 (70.5) | 246/631 (39.0) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase >40 U/liter | 168/757 (22.2) | 112/615 (18.2) | 56/142 (39.4) | 26/52 (50.0) | 142/705 (20.1) |
| Alanine aminotransferase >40 U/liter | 158/741 (21.3) | 120/606 (19.8) | 38/135 (28.1) | 20/49 (40.8) | 138/692 (19.9) |
| Total bilirubin >17.1 μmol/liter | 76/722 (10.5) | 59/594 (9.9) | 17/128 (13.3) | 10/48 (20.8) | 66/674 (9.8) |
| Creatine kinase ≥200 U/liter | 90/657 (13.7) | 67/536 (12.5) | 23/121 (19.0) | 12/46 (26.1) | 78/611 (12.8) |
| Creatinine ≥133 μmol/liter | 12/752 (1.6) | 6/614 (1.0) | 6/138 (4.3) | 5/52 (9.6) | 7/700 (1.0) |
| d-dimer ≥0.5 mg/liter | 260/560 (46.4) | 195/451 (43.2) | 65/109 (59.6) | 34/49 (69.4) | 226/511 (44.2) |
| Minerals§ | |||||
| Median sodium (IQR) — mmol/liter | 138.2 (136.1–140.3) | 138.4 (136.6–140.4) | 138.0 (136.0–140.0) | 138.3 (135.0–141.2) | 138.2 (136.1–140.2) |
| Median potassium (IQR) — mmol/liter | 3.8 (3.5–4.2) | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) | 3.8 (3.5–4.1) | 3.9 (3.6–4.1) | 3.8 (3.5–4.2) |
| Median chloride (IQR) — mmol/liter | 102.9 (99.7–105.6) | 102.7 (99.7–105.3) | 103.1 (99.8–106.0) | 103.8 (100.8–107.0) | 102.8 (99.6–105.3) |
*
Lymphocytopenia was defined as a lymphocyte count of less than 1500 per cubic millimeter. Thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count of less than 150,000 per cubic millimeter. To convert the values for creatinine to milligrams per deciliter, divide by 88.4.
†
Data regarding the ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (Pao2:Fio2) were missing for 894 patients (81.3%).
‡
Data regarding hemoglobin were missing for 226 patients (20.6%).
§
Data were missing for the measurement of sodium in 363 patients (33.0%), for potassium in 349 patients (31.8%), and for chloride in 392 patients (35.7%).