Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the pooled cohort (MESA, ARIC, DHS) with no history of cardiovascular disease, stratified by presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and abnormal biomarkers (High-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-cTnT) ≥ 6 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) ≥ 100).
| Characteristics | LVH (−) (N = 14289) |
LVH (+) Biomarker (−) (N = 664) |
LVH (+) Biomarker (+) (Malignant LVH) (N = 757) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age – years | 56.6 (51, 63) | 54.3 (50, 60)* | 60.6 (54, 66)*☨ |
| Men – n (%) | 6111 (42.8) | 325 (49)* | 447 (59.1)*☨ |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Black – n (%) | 4127 (28.9) | 434 (65.4)* | 436 (57.6)*☨ |
| Hypertension – n (%) | 4826 (33.9) | 344 (52)* | 530 (70.1)*☨ |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 121.7 (109, 132) | 128.9 (116, 139.8)* | 139 (122, 153)*☨ |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 72.4 (65.7, 79) | 77.4 (71, 83.3)* | 78.4 (70.7, 86)* |
| Anti-hypertensive therapy prescribed – n (%) | 4103 (28.7) | 248 (37.4)* | 427 (56.4)*☨ |
| Diabetes – n (%) | 1304 (9.1) | 76 (11.5)* | 123 (16.3)*☨ |
| Current Smoker – n (%) | 2733 (19.1) | 124 (18.7) | 123 (16.3)* |
| Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 70.4 (56.8, 80) | 77.9 (62.5, 90.9)* | 72.2 (57.3, 81.3)☨ |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 201.6 (176, 225) | 200.6 (172, 224) | 200.9 (174, 226) |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.9 (40, 60) | 50.7 (40, 58) | 49.8 (39, 59) |
| Statin therapy prescribed – n (%) | 1194 (8.4) | 45 (6.8) | 78 (10.3)☨ |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 28.3 (24.4, 31.1) | 29.4 (25.4, 32.4)* | 29.4 (25.7, 32.4)* |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.98)* | 0.94 (0.9, 0.99)*☨ |
| LV mass (gm) | 141.5 (111.6, 163.9) | 163.1 (126.1, 192.7)* | 168.9 (129.7, 196.9)* |
| LV mass/BSA (g/m2) | 74.3 (61.7, 83.5) | 83.6 (67.6, 95.7)* | 86.3 (68.7, 98.2)* |
| LV wall thickness (mm) | 10 (8.8, 11) | 10.8 (9.3, 12)* | 11.1 (9.6, 12.3)*☨ |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 101.2 (85.7, 115.9) | 113.7 (94.6, 129.3)* | 125.6 (97.5, 148.5)* |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 65.7 (61.5, 70.1) | 65.4 (60.9, 70.4) | 62.3 (57.8, 68.5)*☨ |
| Sokolow Lyon ECG Voltage (mV) ± | 20.5 (16.2, 24.8) | 30.3 (23.1, 37.8)* | 31 (22.2, 37.9)* |
| ECG LVH with repolarization abnormality ⊥ | 11 (0.3) | 5 (3.1)* | 23 (8.7)*☨ |
| LV hypertrophy subtypes± | |||
| Indeterminate – n (%) | 96 (2.1) | 11 (4.7)* | 17 (6.9)*☨ |
| Dilated – n (%) | 179 (4) | 19 (8.1)* | 54 (21.8)*☨ |
| Thick walled – n (%) | 109 (2.4) | 22 (9.4)* | 23 (9.3)*☨ |
| Both Thick and Dilated – n (%) | 6 (0.1) | 0 | 8 (3.2)*☨ |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (mg/L) | 4.1 (0.98, 4.6) | 4.7 (1.1, 5.6)* | 4.5 (1.1, 5.4)* |
*
p < 0.05 versus no LVH group
☨
p < 0.05 versus LVH+, biomarker- group
⊥
Data available from MESA only (total N = 4338)
±
Data available from DHS and MESA only (total N = 4960)