Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the risk of ADHD and ASD in PCOS-exposed and PCOS-unexposed offspring, by year of maternal PCOS diagnoses
| Outcome | PCOS-unexposed offspring (unrelated) | PCOS-unexposed offspring (cousins) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = exposed/unexposed | aHR (95% CI) | n = exposed/unexposed | aHR (95% CI) | |
| ADHD | ||||
| 1990–2003 | 291/1962 | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) | 291/234 | 1.35 (0.96–1.89) |
| 2004–2013 | 390/3479 | 1.39 (1.20–1.61) | 390/368 | 1.42 (1.03–1.95) |
| ASD | ||||
| 1990–2003 | 97/661 | 1.62 (1.28–2.05) | 97/73 | 1.39 (0.84–2.28) |
| 2004–2013 | 159/1105 | 1.54 (1.24–1.90) | 159/129 | 1.57 (1.00–2.47) |
Models adjusted for offspring sex and year of birth, maternal age at child's birth, maternal education, maternal region of birth, and maternal and paternal lifetime history of psychiatric disorders.
ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorders; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome.