Figure 1.

Schematic, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of CeO₂ nanoparticles (NPs). (A) Schematic illustration of therapeutic mechanisms of CeO₂NPs. (B) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) photomicrograph at low (43,000×) magnification revealing loose CeO₂NPs agglomerates. (C) High magnification image (400,000×) of individual 4 nm CeO₂NPs with spherical shape. (D) (Left) The HR-TEM image of single CeO₂ NP showing the spherical morphology; (middle) atomistic simulation of CeO₂NP with a characteristic fluorite-like electronic structure; (right) FFT of the selected nanoparticle with indicated atomic planes. (E) TEM image of liver tissue obtained from a CCl₄-treated rat receiving vehicle and a CCl₄-treated rat receiving CeO₂NPs. Hepatocyte intracellular space containing mitochondria (M), organelles, fat droplets (asterisk), glycogen inclusions (arrow head), and aggregates of CeO₂NPs (arrows). (F) Effect of CeO₂NPs on hepatic steatosis, fibrogenic and infiltrating cells. Reproduced with permission from Oró et al. (2016).