Table 4.

Cardiovascular drugs showing a prophylactic effect against anticancer therapy-induced LVD in adult cancer populations.

Study (year)	Study design/follow-up	N	Cancer type	Drugs	Intervention	Results
BETA-BLOCKERS
Kalay et al. (86)	RCT/6 months	50	Various	AC	Carvedilol	No LVEF↓
Kaya et al. (87)	RCT/6 months	45	Breast cancer	AC	Nebivolol	No LVEF and NT-proBNP↑
Seicean et al. (88)	Retrospective/5 years	318	Breast cancer	AC,TRZ	Beta-blockers	HF ↓
Pituskin et al. (89)	RCT/12 months	99	Breast cancer	CT+TRZ	Bisoprolol	No LVEF ↓
ACEI
Cardinale et al. (90)	RCT/12 months	114	Various	HD CT	Enalapril	No LVEF ↓; MACE incidence ↓
Pituskin et al. (89)	RCT/12 months	99	Breast cancer	CT+TRZ	Perindopril	No LVEF ↓
ARB
Nakamae et al. (91)	RCT/7 days	40	NHL	AC	Valsartan	No LVEDD↑; no BNP and ANP↑; no QT↑
Cadeddu et al. (92)	RCT/18 months	49	Various	AC	Telmisartan	No peak strain rate ↓; no interleukin-6↑
Gulati et al. (93)	RCT/1.5–16 months	120	Breast cancer	AC+Tx+TRZ	Candesartan	No LVEF ↓
ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS
Akpek et al. (94)	RCT/6 months	83	Breast cancer	AC	Spironolactone	No LVEF↓; no TNI and BNP↑;
ACEI + BETA-BLOCKERS
Bosh et al. (95)	RCT/6 months	90	Hematological	AC	Enalapril + carvedilol	No LVEF↓; death↓; HF ↓
STATINS
Acar et al. (96)	RCT/6 months	40	Hematological	AC	Atorvastatin	No LVEF↓
Seicean et al. (97)	Retrospective/5 years	67	Breast cancer	AC	Statins	No HF ↓
Chotenimitkhun et al. (98)	PO	51	Various	AC	Atorvastatin/simvastatin	No LVEF↓

ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; HD CT, high-dose chemotherapy; LVD, left ventricular dysfunction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; HF, heart failure; MACE, major adverse cardiac events; NHL, non Hodgkin lymphoma; NT-proBNP, N-terminal-proBNP; QT, QT interval; PO, prospective observational; RCT, randomized controlled trial; Tx, taxanes; TNI, troponin I; TRZ, trastuzumab.