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. 2020 Mar 24;11:1545. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15174-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Venn diagrams show differentially expressed genes in fibroblasts (young, n = 3 individuals; aged and aged treated n = 3 individuals) defined with at significance p value >0.05 and log fold change >0.5. Comparison among the three groups was conducted by ANOVA test. b Schematic of reprogramming protocol. c Volcano plot showing young versus aged fibroblast differential gene expression. d Heat map of polarity of expression (green = above, purple = below) the mean for each differential gene. The distribution shows the treated samples transition in expression in this space towards the direction of the young fibroblasts. Cells in each cohort were subjected to 80 bp paired-end reads of RNA sequencing and quantile normalized. e Venn diagrams show differentially expressed genes in endothelial cells (young, n = 3 individuals; aged and age-treated n = 3 individuals) defined at significance p value >0.05 and log fold change >0.5. Comparison among the three groups was conducted by ANOVA test. f Volcano plot showing young versus aged endothelial cells differential gene expression. g Heat map of polarity of expression (green = above, purple = below) the mean for each differential gene. The distribution shows the treated samples transition in expression in this space towards the direction of the young endothelial cells. h Methylation clock estimation of patient sample age with and without treatment for fibroblasts; n = 4 individuals. i Methylation clock estimation of patient sample age with and without treatment for endothelial cells; n = 4 individuals. Statistical analysis of methylation clock was performed by two-sided t-test analysis.