Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Patient n, age y (mean ± sd/ range) | Disease n | Inclusion criteria | Imaging workup | Acute cerebral ischaemia on dw-MRI | dw-MRI features | Neurologic symptoms, n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helenius et al. [7], Retrospective, (USA) 2012 | 129, 64 ± 16 | CRAO, 68 BRAO, 61 | Neurologically symptomatic and asymptomatic | ≤7 days from MVL | CRAO, 19 BRAO, 12 | 90% ipsilateral to involved eye, multiple 65%, single 35%, small (0.2 mL mean volume) | 17 |
| Lauda et al. [9], Retrospective, (Germany) 2015 | 213, 57–83 | CRAO, 101 BRAO, 44 TMVL, 68 | Neurologically symptomatic and asymptomatic | ≤7 days from MVL | CRAO, 26 BRAO, 15 TMVL, 8 | 55% ipsilateral to involved eye, single vascular territory 65.3%, average of three lesions per patient | CRAO, 3 BRAO, 1 TMVL, 1 |
| Lavin at al. [6], Retrospective, (USA), 2018 | 67, 65,1 ± 12,8 | CRAO, 67 | Neurologically symptomatic and asymptomatic | ≤7 days from MVL | CRAO, 25 | 76% ipsilateral to involved eye, | – |
| Lee et al. [8], Retrospective, (Korea) 2014 | 33, 58 ± 14 | CRAO, 18 BRAO, 15 | Neurologically symptomatic and asymptomatic | ≤7 days from MVL | CRAO, 5 BRAO, 3 | 100% ipsilateral to involved eye, 100% single vascular territory range 2–84 lesions per patient 3.2 mm mean diameter | CRAO, 4 BRAO, 1 |
| Golsari et al. [10], Prospective, (Germany) 2017 | 112, 59–75 | CRAO, 69 BRAO, 8 TMVL, 35 | Neurologically asymtpmatic | ≤1 day from MVL | CRAO, 13 BRAO, 2 TMVL, 2 | 70.6% ipsilateral to involved eye, | Excluded |
| Zhang et al. [11], Retrospective, (USA) 2018 | 41, 64.5 ± 13.5 | CRAO, 12 BRAO, 5 TMVL, 23 | Neurologically asymtpmatic | ≤7 days from MVL | CRAO, 4 BRAO, 2 TMVL, 1 | – | Excluded |
n number, y years, sd standard deviation, dw-MRI diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging