Table 1.
Demographic data and sleep parameters of the enrolled population.
| Control (N = 23) | Mild OSA (N = 24) | Moderate OSA (N = 14) | Severe OSA (N = 33) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 32.2 ± 16.8 | 45.4 ± 12.7* | 43.3 ± 10.6 | 50.2 ± 12.4* |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 3.6 | 25.5 ± 2.3* | 27.1 ± 2.3* | 27.3 ± 2.9* |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 35.2 ± 3.4 | 38.9 ± 3.8* | 39.7 ± 2.6* | 39.6 ± 3.7* |
| ESS | 8.1 ± 5.4 | 7.8 ± 5.1 | 6.3 ± 5.6 | 8.8 ± 5.2 |
| PSQI | 7.25 ± 5.1 | 8.6 ± 4.5 | 6.7 ± 3.4 | 7.9 + 3.8 |
| Polysomnographic data | ||||
| Total sleep time (min) | 331.1 ± 51.6 | 326.9 ± 50.4 | 318.9 ± 35.9 | 286.8 ± 59.9*† |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 83.2 ± 18.9 | 85.8 ± 10.7 | 81.9 ± 8.5 | 77.9 ± 11.3*† |
| N3 (%) | 11.2 ± 11.3 | 2.1 ± 5.4* | 0.8 ± 1.3* | 0.9 ± 2.5* |
| REM (%) | 16.4 ± 6.3 | 17.3 ± 6 | 18.7 ± 4.4 | 14.3 ± 6.3‡ |
| AI (events/hr) | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 2* | 6 ± 4.6* | 16.4 ± 6.3*†‡ |
| HI (events/hr) | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 6.3* | 14.1 ± 5.5*† | 30.9 ± 20.9*† |
| AHI (events/hr) | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 9.5 ± 2.6* | 20.1 ± 4.2*† | 53.9 ± 16.9*†‡ |
| RERA index (events/hr) | 1.9 ± 2.2 | 4.1 ± 3.4* | 5.9 ± 4.6* | 2.4 ± 2.6†‡ |
| RDI (events/hr) | 3.7 ± 3.2 | 13.6 ± 4.1* | 26.1 ± 7.3*† | 56.3 ± 16.3*†‡ |
| Arousal index (events/hr) | 24.2 ± 12.5 | 33.6 ± 13.3* | 42.5 ± 11.7* | 67.9 ± 23.8*†‡ |
| Lowest O2 (%) | 91.8 ± 2.1 | 82.3 ± 8.2* | 81.9 ± 8.3* | 74.4 ± 9.1*†‡ |
| Mean O2 (%) | 96.7 ± 0.8 | 95.7 ± 1.3* | 95.1 ± 1.7* | 94.1 ± 1.9*† |
OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; AI, Apnea Index; HI, Hypopnea Index; AHI, Apnea–Hypopnea Index; RERA, Respiratory Effort-related Arousal; RDI, Respiratory Disturbance Index.
*p < 0.05 vs. control, †p < 0.05 vs. patients with mild OSA, ‡p < 0.05 vs. patients with moderate OSA.