Table 2.

Results of the final model of the effect of canine Sensory Processing Sensitivity (cSPS-score), owner Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS-score) and aversive communication style (reported “negative” and “positive punishment”) on the likelihood of behaviour problems.

Predictor	Odds ratio (95% CI)	Z	P value
cSPS-score	3.86 (3.48–4.28)	6.62	<0.0001
SPS-score	1.47 (1.24–1.76)	2.22	0.0262
cSPS-score x SPS-score	0.89 (0.86–0.93)	−2.56	0.0104
Reported “positive punishment”	1.27 (1.17–1.38)	2.78	0.0055
Reported “negative punishment”	0.55 (0.36–0.83)	−1.45	0.1462
cSPS-score x reported “negative punishment”	1.24 (1.13–1.37)	2.21	0.0269
Dog sex: male neutered compared to male intact†	1.33 (1.19–1.49)	2.46	0.0141
Previous owner: No previous owner compared to previous owner‡	0.74 (0.68–0.81)	−3.33	0.0009

^†Female intact and neutered were not significantly different to male intact. ^‡Previous owner = “don’t know” was not significantly different from no previous owner.