Table 3.
Mean fold change in urinary metabolites from Visit 1 to Visit 3 in cases and controls with p < 0.05.
| Annotation | CAS Registry Number | Change in Cases | Change in Controls | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Methylglutaric acid | 617-62-9 | 1.52 | 2.73 | <0.01 |
| Cholesterol | 57-88-5 | 2.48 | 6.54 | 0.02 |
| Urocanic acid | 104-98-3 | 1.26 | 2.33 | 0.02 |
| 2-Phenylacetamide | 103-81-1 | 3.92 | 2.04 | 0.02 |
| 2-Ketobutyric acid | 600-18-0 | 1.53 | 2.11 | 0.02 |
| Glycine | 56-40-6 | 3.05 | 1.60 | 0.03 |
| Kynurenic acid | 492-27-3 | 1.20 | 1.61 | 0.03 |
| 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | 621-54-5 | 2.51 | 7.41 | 0.05 |
Note: p-value corresponds to paired t-test comparing changes in cases and controls. Results presented for metabolites with significant (p < 0.05) difference in changes between Visit 1 and Visit 3 in cases compared to controls. No associations were significant after FDR adjustment (all q > 0.05). Abbreviations: CAS, Chemical Abstracts Service.