Table 2.
Patient and center characteristics
| N | No ocular trauma N = 2,713,659 (%) | Ocular trauma N = 31,493 (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 2,745,141 | <0.001 | ||
| <1 | 27,573 (1.0%) | 191 (0.6%) | ||
| 1–8 | 100,800 (3.7%) | 1321 (4.2%) | ||
| 9–18 | 328,678 (12.1%) | 4536 (14.4%) | ||
| 19–35 | 1,088,461 (40.1%) | 12,840 (40.8%) | ||
| 36–60 | 900,286 (33.2%) | 9418 (29.9%) | ||
| 61–80 | 227,951 (8.4%) | 2612 (8.3%) | ||
| >80 | 39,899 (1.5%) | 575 (1.8%) | ||
| Female gender | 2,744,071 | 1,443,392 (53.2%) | 11,997 (38.1%) | <0.001 |
| >1 chronic condition | 2,744,951 | 385,174 (14.2%) | 7880 (25.0%) | <0.001 |
| Months of ED visit | 2,744,313 | 0.19 | ||
| January–March | 619,079 (22.8%) | 7105 (22.6%) | ||
| April–June | 695,457 (25.6%) | 8012 (25.4%) | ||
| July–September | 702,569 (25.9%) | 8126 (25.8%) | ||
| October–December | 695,726 (25.6%) | 8239 (26.2%) | ||
| Admission during weekend | 2,744,594 | 729,269 (26.9%) | 10,693 (34.0%) | <0.001 |
| >1 bodily injury | 2,745,152 | 1,187,915 (43.8%) | 26,587 (84.4%) | <0.001 |
| Injury severity group | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 377,752 (13.9%) | 472 (1.5%) | ||
| 1 | 1,135,732 (41.9%) | 6251 (19.9%) | ||
| 2–3 | 603,645 (22.3%) | 7162 (22.8%) | ||
| 4–75 | 593,784 (21.9%) | 17,578 (55.9%) | ||
| Seizures | 2,745,152 | 20,932 (0.8%) | 462 (1.5%) | <0.001 |
| Skull fractures | 2,745,152 | 29,190 (1.1%) | 7124 (22.6%) | <0.001 |
| Other fractures | 2,745,152 | 133,839 (4.9%) | 5716 (18.2%) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 2,745,152 | 13,566 (0.5%) | 1236 (3.9%) | <0.001 |
| Trauma level | 2,745,152 | <0.001 | ||
| Nontrauma center | 1,578,903 (58.2%) | 11,537 (36.6%) | ||
| Level 1 center | 527,762 (19.4%) | 12,135 (38.5%) | ||
| Level 2 center | 384,834 (14.2%) | 5725 (18.2%) | ||
| Level 3 center | 222,160 (8.2%) | 2096 (6.7%) | ||
| Hospital teaching status | 2,745,152 | <0.001 | ||
| Metropolitan nonteaching | 1,165,708 (43.0%) | 9156 (29.1%) | ||
| Metropolitan teaching | 1,233,157 (45.4%) | 19,157 (60.8%) | ||
| Nonmetropolitan | 314,794 (11.6%) | 3180 (10.1%) | ||
| Primary payer | 2,730,407 | 0.01 | ||
| Medicare | 109,787 (4.1%) | 1357 (4.3%) | ||
| Medicaid | 321,358 (11.9%) | 3790 (12.1%) | ||
| Private including HMO | 1,437,574 (53.3%) | 16,678 (53.4%) | ||
| Self-pay/other | 830,443 (30.8%) | 9420 (30.1%) | ||
| Disposition (after ED treatment) | 2,745,152 | <0.001 | ||
| Patient treated and released | 2,492,097 (91.8%) | 19,169 (60.9%) | ||
| Patient admitted to same hospital | 173,933 (6.4%) | 10,938 (34.7%) | ||
| Patient transferred to other short-term hospital | 36,236 (1.3%) | 1210 (3.8%) | ||
| Patient died in the ED | 5688 (0.2%) | 94 (0.3%) | ||
| Other | 5705 (0.2%) | 82 (0.3%) |
ED emergency department, HMO health maintenance organization