FIGURE 9.

The over-expression of rhamnose synthetic genes and metK promote butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis. (A) Fermentation broth of mutant SPOG-RM. (B) Fermentation broth of mutant SPOG-ME. (C) Fermentation broth of S. pogona. (D) Transcript analyses of rhamnose biosynthetic genes and metK. The cells of the different strains were cultured in SFM and incubated at 30°C for 4 days. Total RNA were then isolated and used for qRT-PCR assays. The control strain was the wild-type S. pogona. The ratio for the control strain was arbitrarily set to “1”. The 16s RNA served as the normalization control. Error bars were calculated from four independent determinations of mRNA abundance in each sample. The ** represents the P-value less than 0.01.