Table 2.
Hemodynamics, respiratory mechanics, blood gases analysis, , VD/VT and microcirculatory parameters at baseline and 24 h after
| Baseline | 24 h | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemodynamics | |||
| HR, bpm | 104 (94–121) | 100 (89–115) | 0.43 |
| MAP, mmHg | 74 (69–87) | 75 (67–92) | 0.35 |
| CVP, mmHg, n | 12 (8–14) | 12 (7–14) | 0.96 |
| PAOP, mmHg, n | 14 (12–16), 22 | 19 (16–22), 24 | 0.03 |
| PAPm, mmHg, n | 36 (42–46), 22 | 30 (26–41), 24 | 0.13 |
| PVR, dyn.s/cm5, n | 298 (250–440), 22 | 299 (211–360), 24 | 0.86 |
| Cardiac index, (l/min/m2), n | 4.2 (3.4–4.5), 22 | 3.9 (3.5–4.4), 24 | 0.30 |
| Norepinephrine, (ugr/kg/min), n | 0.10 (0.05–0.27), 18 | 0.05 (0.03–0.34), 18 | 0.09 |
| Respiratory mechanics and blood gases | |||
| VT, ml | 369 (325–415) | 363 (312–404) | 0.56 |
| VT, ml/kg | 6.5 (6.1–6.9) | 6.6 (6.4–6.9) | 0.56 |
| RR | 24 (20–26) | 25 (22–27) | 0.17 |
| PEEP | 12 (10–15) | 12 (10–14) | 0.07 |
| PPeak | 30 (27–33) | 29 (26–34) | 0.57 |
| Pmaw | 19 (14–21) | 18 (15–20) | 0.36 |
| VT/CRS | 17 (14–19) | 16 (14–18) | 0.42 |
| pH | 7.28 (7.21–7.32) | 7.35 (7.26–7.39) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2, mmHg | 79.1 (69.7–95.5) | 86.6 (72.6–109.2) | 0.06 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 46.6 (39.9–56.3) | 42.3 (34.6–47.6) | 0.003 |
| HCO3, mmol/L | 20.9 (19.1–24.2) | 20.7 (17.8–26.5) | 0.78 |
| BE, mmol/L | − 6.4 (− 8.8 to − 2.3) | − 5.9 (− 8.4 to − 0.05) | 0.03 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 119 (93–148) | 173 (124–222) | < 0.001 |
| PvO2, mmHg | 48.7 (42.3–54.1) | 40.8 (36.9–47.6) | 0.004 |
| PvCO2, mmHg | 48.2 (41.6–59.3) | 44.6 (36.1–53.6) | 0.003 |
| ScvO2, % | 78.0 (70.9–80.9) | 75.2 (62.3–81.7) | 0.17 |
| Capnography/expired CO2 | |||
| , mmHg (BTPS) | 21.2 (18.4–24.6) | 19.3 (14.8–21.6) | 0.01 |
| 0.034 (0.029–0.039) | 0.030 (0.023–0.034) | 0.01 | |
| , ml/min (STPD) | 320 (250–405) | 259 (201–380) | 0.28 |
| VTE, ml | 372 (325–415) | 302 (240–440) | 0.39 |
| VD/VT | 54 (45–61) | 51 (47–61) | 0.44 |
| Microcirculatory blood flow parameters | |||
| PPV, % | 69.6 (57.8–79.2) | 75.7 (62.8–81.5) | 0.01 |
| LVP, % | 90.9 (82.3–96.5) | 90.3 (85.3–96.8) | 0.52 |
| FCD, n vessels/mm2 | 6.6 (5.1–7.5) | 6.9 (5.5–8.2) | 0.03 |
| TCD, n vessels/mm2 | 11.6 (10.8–12.6) | 12.3 (11.0–13.3) | 0.08 |
| MFI | 2.35 (2.08–2.50) | 2.35 (2.20–2.60) | 0.06 |
| Heterogeneity index | 0.38 (0.27–0.65) | 0.28 (0.19–0.45) | 0.08 |
HR: heart rate; MAP: mean arterial pressure; CVP: central venous pressure; PAOP: pulmonary artery occlusion pressure; PAPm: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; VT: tidal volume; PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure; PPeak: peak respiratory pressure; Pmaw: mean pressure of the airway; VT/CRS: tidal volume to respiratory system compliance (driving pressure); PaO2: arterial oxygen partial pressure; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure; HCO3: bicarbonate; BE: base excess; PaO2/FiO2 ratio: arterial oxygen partial pressure to oxygen inspiratory fraction; PvO2: venous oxygen partial pressure; PvCO2: venous carbon dioxide partial pressure; SvO2: venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation; : exhaled carbon dioxide pressure; BTPS: body temperature, and pressure, saturated; STPD: standard temperature and pressure, dry; : exhaled carbon dioxide fraction; VTE: exhaled tidal volume; VD/VT: pulmonary dead-space fraction; PPV: percentage of small vessels perfused; LVP: percentage of large vessels perfused; FCD: functional capillary density; TCD: total capillary density; MFI: microvascular blood flow index