Table 3.
Secondary outcomes (respiratory and non-respiratory)
| Parameter | Vitamin A group (n = 55) | Placebo group (n = 59) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of any ventilation (h) | n = 20 | n = 21 | 0.39 |
| Median (1st–3rd quartile) | 96 (72,120) | 120 (72,168) | |
| Duration of invasive ventilation (h) | n = 14 | n = 8 | 0.07 |
| Median (1st–3rd quartile) | 72 (66,102) | 108 (96,138) | |
| Duration of oxygen therapy (h) | n = 35 | n = 29 | 0.22 |
| Median (1st–3rd quartile) | 120 (72,216) | 144 (96,282) | |
| Infants requiring oxygen at end of the study n (%) | 8 (13) | 11 (19) | 0.41 |
| Infants requiring invasive ventilation at the end of the study n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (7) | 0.055a |
| BPD n (%) | 5 (8) | 7 (12) | 0.55 |
| Severity of BPD n (%) | 0.23a | ||
| Mild | 4 (80) | 3 (42) | |
| Moderate | 1 (20) | 2 (29) | |
| Severe | 0 | 2 (29) | |
| Duration of hospitalization (days) | 31 (18, 43) | 27 (20, 46) | 0.71 |
| Median (1st–3rd quartile) | |||
| Intraventricular hemorrhage n (%) | 5 (8) | 6 (10) | 0.71 |
| All-cause mortality n (%) | 8 (13) | 4 (7) | 0.36 |
| Periventricular leukomalacia n (%) | 2 (3.3) | 4 (6.8) | 0.43a |
| Blood stream infection n (%) | 22 (36) | 18 (30) | 0.52 |
| Pneumonia n (%) | 18 (30) | 20 (34) | 0.60 |
Analysis of all categorical variables was by Chi square and all numerical variables was by Mann–Whitney test unless specified
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia
aFisher’s exact test