TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of women with and without GDMa
| Characteristic | Values |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women with GDM (n = 31) |
Normoglycemic women (n = 103) |
||
| General information | |||
| Age (yr), mean ± SD | 32.58 ± 4.1 | 31.79 ± 3.70 | 0.36 |
| Gravidity (first pregnancy), n (%) | 14 (45.16) | 53 (51.46) | 0.54 |
| Multipara, n (%) | 9 (29.03) | 31 (30.01) | 0.91 |
| History of adverse pregnancy outcomes, n (%) | 3 (9.68) | 14 (13.59) | 0.57 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome, n (%) | 1 (3.23) | 9 (8.74) | 0.31 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 2 (6.67) | 4 (3.96) | 0.53 |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 8 (25.81) | 13 (12.62) | 0.08 |
| Anthropometric measurements | |||
| Ht (cm), median (IQR) | 163.0 (158.0–165.0) | 162.0 (160.0–168.0) | 0.67 |
| Wt (kg) prepregnancy, median (IQR) | 60.0 (53.0–67.0) | 56.83 (50.00–63.00) | 0.049 |
| BMI (kg/m2) prepregnancy, mean ± SD | 22.57 ± 2.85 | 21.32 ± 3.00 | 0.04 |
| Overweight/obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2) prepregnancy, n (%) | 9 (29.03) | 13 (12.56) | 0.03 |
| Gestational weight gain (kg) at OGTT, mean ± SD | 6.89 ± 3.03 | 6.91 ± 2.97 | 0.85 |
| Biochemical indicator in first trimester | |||
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/liter), median (IQR) | 4.75 (4.53–5.01) | 4.67 (4.41–4.92) | 0.21 |
| Blood lipid level (mmol/liter), median (IQR) | |||
| TC | 4.41 (3.96–4.94) | 4.10 (3.66–4.52) | 0.04 |
| TG | 1.29 (0.92–1.76) | 1.00 (0.77–1.32) | 0.02 |
| HDL-C | 1.55 (1.29–1.70) | 1.43 (1.23–1.64) | 0.19 |
| LDL-C | 2.16 (1.75–2.66) | 2.14 (1.72–2.38) | 0.17 |
| Gestational wk at examination, median (IQR) | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) | 0.31 |
| Biochemical indicator in second trimester | |||
| Blood glucose level (mmol/liter) at OGTT, median (IQR) | |||
| Fasted | 4.84 (4.53–5.20) | 4.46 (4.26–4.66) | <0.0001 |
| 1 h | 10.36 (9.34–10.88) | 7.33 (6.06–8.39) | <0.0001 |
| 2 h | 8.21 (7.42–8.90) | 6.14 (5.40–7.07) | <0.0001 |
| Blood lipid level (mmol/liter), median (IQR) | |||
| TC | 5.68 (5.29–6.19) | 5.90 (5.24–6.48) | 0.55 |
| TG | 2.34 (1.89–2.98) | 2.06 (1.61–2.85) | 0.55 |
| HDL-C | 1.77 (1.67–1.92) | 1.88 (1.57–2.08) | 0.67 |
| LDL-C | 2.87 (2.50–3.38) | 3.09 (2.59–3.49) | 0.48 |
| Gestational wk at examination, median (IQR) | 24.0 (24.0–25.0) | 24.0 (24.0–25.0) | 0.42 |
a
GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.