Table 1.
Demographics, Medical History, and Smoking History of the 2 Patient Groups
| Group 1 (N = 100) | Group 2 (N = 101) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age (y), Mean ± SD | 66.6 ± 20.3 | 30.6 ± 6.4 |
| Gender, No. (%) | ||
| Male | 90 (90.0)∗ | 44 (43.6)∗ |
| Female | 10 (10.0) | 57 (56.4) |
| Race (and ethnicity), No. (%) | ||
| Black/African | 28 (28.0) | 29 (28.7) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 0 | 1 (1.0) |
| Asian | 0 | 3 (3.0) |
| White | 71 (71.0) | 64 (63.3) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 0 | 2 (2.0) |
| Unknown (and Hispanic/Latino) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (2.0) |
| CLDSI,† baseline value, Mean ± SD | 14.4 ± 4.2 | NA |
| Medical History | ||
| Renal/kidney/bladder disease, No. (%) | 33 (33.7) | 1 (1.0) |
| Heart disease: Yes; No. (%) | 76 (77.6) | 0 |
| Congestive heart disease | 17 (17.4) | 0 |
| Ischemic/coronary artery disease | 62 (63.3) | 0 |
| Valvular disease | 15 (15.3) | 0 |
| Other heart disease | 12 (12.2) | 0 |
| Liver disease, No. (%) | 10 (10.2) | 1 (1.0) |
| Blood disease, No. (%) | 0 | 1 (1.0) |
| Lung disease:‡ Yes; No. (%) | 64 (65.3) | 0 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 37 (37.8) | 0 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 17 (17.4) | 0 |
| Emphysema | 10 (10.2) | 0 |
| Asthma | 16 (16.3) | 0 |
| Other lung disease | 10 (10.3) | 0 |
| Neurologic disease, No. (%) | 38 (38.8) | 7 (7.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus, No. (%) | 33 (33.7) | 0 |
| Cancer: Yes, No. (%) | 26 (26.5) | 1 (1.0) |
| Seasonal rhinitis, eg, hay fever: No. (%) | 60 (61.9) | 45 (44.6) |
| Otitis or sinusitis, No. (%) | 23 (24.0) | 21 (20.8) |
| Smoking History | ||
| Current cigarette smoker, No. (%) | 16 (16.5) | 19 (18.8) |
| Ever smoked cigarettes, No. (%) | 70 (72.9)§ | 31 (30.7)§ |
Group 1 patients were at least 60 years of age with underlying chronic lung or heart disease. Group 2 patients were healthy and aged 18-40 years. Group 2 patients could not have a medical history of underlying heart and lung disease. Comparisons of categoric variables by chi-square tests. Characteristics did not differ between male and female patients in group 2 (data not shown).
CLDSI = Chronic Lung Disease Severity Index; NA = not available; SD = standard deviation.
P < .0001, greater proportion of male patients in group 1 than group 2.
The CLDSI score was determined only in group 1 patients.
Patients with underlying lung disease could have >1 pulmonary diagnosis based on reported history and medical record review.
P < .0001, greater proportion of patients who ever smoked cigarettes in group 1 than in group 2.