Appendix Table 2.
Factors Associated with Treatment Assignment of Probable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Cases in Hong Kong and in the First Phase of the Epidemica (Onset before April 22, 2003) in Toronto, with Associated Confidence Intervals for the Estimated Odds Ratiob in the Propensity Score Multinomial Regression Model, Based on 10 Imputed Datasets
| Characteristic | Hong Kong |
Toronto |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ribavirin Only |
Corticosteroids Only |
Ribavirin and Corticosteroids |
Ribavirin Only |
Ribavirin and Corticosteroids |
||||||
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Interceptc | 0.04 | (0.01-0.17) | 0.07 | (0.01-0.69) | 0.18 | (0.07-0.44) | 0.2 | (0.02-1.30) | 0 | (0.00-0.24) |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Women | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Men | 0.84 | (0.59-1.2) | 0.72 | (0.39-1.32) | 0.72 | (0.57-0.92) | 0.9 | (0.34-2.25) | 1.4 | (0.45-4.56) |
| Age, y | ||||||||||
| ≤39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 40-49 | 0.63 | (0.39-1.01) | 0.74 | (0.28-1.95) | 1.12 | (0.82-1.53) | 0.5 | (0.15-1.65) | 0.5 | (0.13-2.14) |
| 50-59 | 0.45 | (0.23-0.87) | 1.33 | (0.50-3.54) | 1.2 | (0.81-1.78) | 0.7 | (0.19-2.76) | 0.9 | (0.18-4.73) |
| 60-69 | 0.6 | (0.29-1.25) | 1.54 | (0.55-4.31) | 0.5 | (0.30-0.85) | 1.2 | (0.24-5.96) | 1 | (0.14-6.51) |
| >69 | 0.21 | (0.10-0.45) | 0.65 | (0.22-1.88) | 0.38 | (0.23-0.62) | 0.8 | (0.13-5.32) | 1.1 | (0.11-10.9) |
| Health care worker | ||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 1.67 | (1.02-2.74) | 0.95 | (0.34-2.66) | 2.45 | (1.73-3.48) | 2.6 | (0.95-7.12) | 2.1 | (0.63-6.87) |
| Preexisting comorbid conditions | ||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 0.79 | (0.44-1.40) | 1.37 | (0.61-3.07) | 1.03 | (0.71-1.51) | 1.6 | (0.36-7.51) | 1.1 | (0.18-6.90) |
| Delay in admission, d | ||||||||||
| ≤0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1-2 | 2.99 | (1.72-5.19) | 0.55 | (0.23-1.33) | 2.59 | (1.74-3.86) | 8.5 | (1.77-40.4) | 22 | (1.64-286) |
| 3-4 | 3.22 | (1.81-5.73) | 0.56 | (0.23-1.38) | 2.65 | (1.76-3.99) | 15 | (3.22-66.9) | 29 | (2.26-372) |
| ≥5 | 3.08 | (1.61-5.87) | 0.97 | (0.39-2.42) | 4.96 | (3.22-7.64) | 25 | (5.21-123.1) | 37 | (2.84-493) |
| Symptom onset date | ||||||||||
| February 15 to March 23 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | |||||
| March 24 to March 29 | 2.68 | (1.36-5.27) | 1.19 | (0.47-2.99) | 3.52 | (2.48-5.00) | — | — | ||
| March 30 to April 9 | 4.22 | (2.28-7.79) | 1.17 | (0.47-2.93) | 2.66 | (1.86-3.81) | — | — | ||
| April 9 to May 31 | 16.36 | (9.17-29.2) | 1.33 | (0.52-3.4) | 2.12 | (1.42-3.16) | — | — | ||
| Lactate dehydrogenase leveld | ||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| High | 1.5 | (0.97-2.3) | 1.11 | (0.56-2.19) | 1.44 | (1.06-1.94) | 4.9 | (1.58-14.9) | 4.3 | (1.09-16.9) |
| Chest radiograph | ||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Haziness | 0.87 | (0.45-1.66) | 0.73 | (0.23-2.33) | 0.97 | (0.66-1.42) | — | — | ||
| Pneumonic consolidation | 0.81 | (0.44-1.50) | 0.81 | (0.28-2.34) | 0.88 | (0.59-1.30) | 1.1 | (0.35-3.39) | 4 | (1.09-14.4) |
| Neutrophil counte | ||||||||||
| Less than lower limit of normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Normal | 0.86 | (0.34-2.16) | 1.08 | (0.17-6.83) | 1.24 | (0.62-2.48) | 0.4 | (0.08-2.02) | 0.9 | (0.13-5.56) |
| Greater than upper limit of normal | 0.74 | (0.18-3.02) | 0.87 | (0.06-12.2) | 1.25 | (0.53-2.96) | 2.8 | (0.38-20.0) | 6.4 | (0.72-57.2) |
| Platelet countf | ||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Less than lower limit of normal | 0.92 | (0.57-1.49) | 1.32 | (0.52-3.37) | 1.04 | (0.74-1.46) | 0.7 | (0.22-2.01) | 1.5 | (0.40-5.32) |
| Lymphocyte count | ||||||||||
| Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Less than lower limit of normal | 0.98 | (0.49-1.95) | 1.28 | (0.44-3.69) | 1.18 | (0.79-1.77) | 0.8 | (0.18-4.02) | 0.8 | (0.12-5.10) |
| Oxygen saturation | ||||||||||
| ≥95% | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| <95% | 0.76 | (0.20-2.9) | 1.25 | (0.31-5.12) | 0.99 | (0.50-1.95) | 1.6 | (0.55-4.87) | 1.4 | (0.37-5.27) |
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
Only 3 patients were treated with corticosteroids only in Toronto and were excluded.
OR represents the relative odds of the corresponding treatment choice versus no treatment, relative to the reference group. An OR of 0.84 for men under “ribavirin only” means that men has 16% less odds than women to be treated with ribavirin only instead of no treatment.
Intercept represents the baseline relative odds of the corresponding treatment choice versus no treatment.
Lactate dehydrogenase level (high: > 231 U/L).
Neutrophil count (lower limit of normal = 2.0 × 109 cells/L; upper limit of normal = 7.5 × 109 cells/L).
Platelet count (lower limit of normal = 150 × 109 cells/L).