TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Characteristics | Consolidation (n = 1,579) | Bronchiolitis (n = 40) | GGO (n = 46) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69 (56-77) | 64 (39-74) | 66 (53-76) | 0.080 |
| Male | 1,053 (66.7) | 25 (62.5) | 31 (67.4) | 0.852 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Ever-smoker | 896 (56.9) | 20 (50.0) | 21 (45.7) | 0.225 |
| Pack-years | 10 (0-33) | 2.5 (0-20) | 0 (0-30) | 0.121 |
| Heavy drinking | 282 (17.9) | 2 (5.0) | 5 (10.9) | 0.053 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 0.148 |
| ECOG 3-4 | 217 (13.7) | 6 (15.0) | 2 (4.3) | 0.178 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 (112-147) | 129 (104-142) | 128 (102-139) | 0.476 |
| Pulse rate/minute | 96 (83-109) | 92 (82-113) | 99 (83-114) | 0.652 |
| Respiratory rate/minute | 20 (19-22) | 19 (18-20) | 20 (20-24) | 0.004a |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Duration of symptom, days | 5 (3-7) | 6 (3-7) | 5 (2-8) | 0.580 |
| Cough | 1,368 (86.6) | 40 (100.0) | 44 (95.7) | 0.010b |
| Sputum production | 1,132 (71.7) | 35 (87.5) | 33 (71.7) | 0.089 |
| Dyspnea | 884 (56.0) | 20 (50.0) | 31 (67.4) | 0.224 |
| Fever | 1,025 (64.9) | 23 (57.5) | 30 (65.2) | 0.624 |
| Altered mental status | 84 (5.3) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.253 |
| Hemoptysis | 130 (8.2) | 2 (5.0) | 4 (8.7) | 0.859 |
| Chest pain | 389 (24.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (13.0) | <0.001c |
| CURB-65 | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | 0.182 |
| CURB-65, 3-5 | 152 (9.6) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (4.3) | 0.199 |
| PSI class | 3 (2-4) | 2 (1-4) | 3 (2-4) | 0.099 |
| PSI class 4-5 | 550 (34.8) | 12 (30.0) | 13 (28.3) | 0.542 |
| Pleural effusion | 643 (40.7) | 3 (7.5) | 10 (21.7) | <0.001d,e |
| Complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema | 145 (9.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.006 |
| Pleural drainage | 173 (11.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.001f |
| Mechanical ventilation | 95 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.5) | 0.300 |
| Corticosteroids | 353 (22.4) | 6 (15.0) | 19 (41.3) | 0.005g,h |
| Vasopressor infusion | 142 (9.0) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (6.5) | 0.380 |
| 30-day mortality | 121 (7.7) | 2 (5.0) | 4 (8.7) | 0.850 |
| In-hospital mortality | 105 (6.6) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (6.5) | 0.730 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 9 (6-13) | 7 (6-10) | 9 (6-14) | 0.138 |
| Treatment success | 1,428/1,551 (92.1) | 36/39 (92.3) | 42/45 (93.3) | >0.999 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%).
CURB-65, a 6 point score, 1 point for each of confusion, urea 47 mmol/L, respiratory rate ≥30/minute, low systolic (<90 mm Hg) or diastolic (≤60 mm Hg) blood pressure, and age ≥65 years: ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; GGO, ground glass opacity; PSI, pneumonia severity index.
Post-hoc analysis.
Bronchiolitis vs. GGO, P = 0.003 (Dunn’s test).
Bronchiolitis vs. consolidation, Bonferroni’s corrected P = 0.013.
Bronchiolitis vs. consolidation, Bonferroni’s corrected P < 0.001.
Bronchiolitis vs consolidation, Bonferroni’s corrected P < 0.001.
GGO vs. consolidation, Bonferroni’s corrected P = 0.010.
GGO vs. consolidation, Bonferroni’s corrected P = 0.012.
GGO vs. consolidation, Bonferroni’s corrected P = 0.003.
GGO vs. bronchiolitis, Bonferroni’s corrected P = 0.007.