for the main comparison.
| Amantadine compared with placebo for prevention and treatment of influenza A in children | ||||||
|
Patient or population: children with no influenza A infection (prevention) or with influenza A infection (treatment) Settings: all Intervention: amantadine Comparison: placebo | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Control | Amantadine | |||||
|
Cases of influenza A during prophylaxis (follow‐up:14 to 18 weeks) |
Medium risk population | RR 0.11 (0.04 to 0.3) | 773 (2) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2 | ||
| 10 per 100 | 1 per 100 (0 to 3) | |||||
|
Fever after initiation of treatment (follow‐up: 3 days) |
Medium risk population | RR 0.37 (0.08 to 1.75) | 104 (2) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low3,4 | ||
| 23 per 100 | 9 per 100 (2 to 40) | |||||
| Cough after initiation of treatment | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | 0 (0) |
See comment | No selected trial |
|
Dizziness (follow‐up: 7 days) |
Medium risk population | RR 6.63 (0.32 to 137.33) | 599 (2) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low3,4 | ||
| 0 per 100 | 0 per 100 (0 to 0) | |||||
|
Nausea/vomiting (follow‐up: 7 days) |
Medium risk population | RR 0.54 (0.15 to 2) | 599 (2) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low3,4,5 | ||
| 13 per 100 | 7 per 100 (2 to 27) | |||||
|
Stimulation/insomnia (follow‐up: 7 days) |
Medium risk population | RR 0.46 (0.12 to 1.74) | 599 (2) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low3,4 | ||
| 3 per 100 | 7 per 100 (2 to 27) | |||||
| CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: we are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. median control group risk across studies) was calculated on the basis of control event rate. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
1Allocation concealment not used or unclear.
2Sparse data.
3Allocation concealment unclear.
4Sparse data, confidence intervals do not rule out potential for null effect or harm.
5High heterogeneity unexplained.