2.
| Rimantadine compared with placebo for prevention and treatment of influenza A in children | ||||||
|
Patient or population: children with no influenza A infection (prevention) or with influenza A infection (treatment) Settings: any Intervention: rimantadine Comparison: control (placebo or acetaminophen) | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Control | Rimantadine | |||||
| Cases of influenza A during prophylaxis (follow‐up: 1 to 35 days) | Medium risk population | RR 0.49 (0.21 to 1.15) | 178 (3) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2 | ||
| 24 per 100 | 12 per 100 (5 to28) | |||||
|
Fever after initiation of treatment (follow‐up: 3 days) |
Medium risk population | RR 0.36 (0.14 to 0.91) | 69 (1) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate2 | ||
| 38 per 100 | 14 per 100 (5 to 34) | |||||
|
Cough after initiation of treatment (follow‐up: 7 days) |
Medium risk population | RR 0.83 (0.63 to 1.1) | 69 (1) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate2 | ||
| 81 per 100 | 67 per 100 (51 to 89) | |||||
|
Dizziness (follow‐up: 35 days) |
Medium risk population | RR 3.21 (0.14 to 75.68) | 56 (1) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2 | ||
| 0 per 100 | 0 per 100 (0 to 0) | |||||
|
Nausea/vomiting (follow‐up: 7 to 35 days) |
Medium risk population | RR 0.96 (0.1 to 9.01) | 125 (2) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low2 | ||
| 2 per 100 | 2 per 100 (0 to 15) | |||||
| Stimulation/insomnia | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | 0 (0) | See comment | No selected trial |
| CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: we are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. median control group risk across studies) was calculated on the basis of control event rate. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
1Allocation concealment unclear.
2Sparse data and confidence intervals do not rule out the potential for no effect or harm